Poorly Flashcards
(126 cards)
1
Q
Common diseases causing lingering death
A
2
Q
Ovine Johne’s Disease
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3
Q
OJD Epi
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4
Q
OJD Clinical Signs
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5
Q
Diagnosis and Testing of OJD
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6
Q
Diagnostic methods OJD
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7
Q
Necropsy in OJD (Culture and histopath)
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8
Q
Culture to diagnose JD
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9
Q
Control OJD
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10
Q
Control of JD 2
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11
Q
Control: Vaccination OJD
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12
Q
OJD Vaccination effect on short-term mortality and flock prevalence
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13
Q
Vaccination: effect on long-term flock mortality
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14
Q
OJD Vaccination reduces shedding but…
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15
Q
With OJD, vaccination of wethers? Poor biosecurity?
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16
Q
Correct vaccination technique OJD
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17
Q
Difference in OJD to Cattle JD?
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Doesn’t present with diarrhoea (necessarily)– mainly skinny, smaller proportion of animals with diarrhoea
18
Q
A
19
Q
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20
Q
Control OJD 2: property disease management
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21
Q
Low risk sources of sheep
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* Regional Biosecurity Plans- local producer groups (or whole state) create own plan to reduce risk of local OJD introduction and spread
22
Q
Market Assurance Programs OJD
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23
Q
JD in goats
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24
Q
Controlling JD in Goats
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25
Summary - vet involvement with JD
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AUSVETPLAN
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DEDJTR EAD Preparedness
National EAD Preparedness:
\* The risk of FMD
\* Where animals are
\* Entry points
\* Climate
29
Weak points in general surveillance
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7 most likely/ damaging EADs
Cost of large FMD outbreak Australia- $50bn
31
Bluetongue
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Vector of Bluetongue
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BTV basics
34
Pathogenesis of BTV
35
Bluetongue signs
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Diagnosis of Bluetongue
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DDX Bluetongue
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National Arbovirus Monitoring Program
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FMD a silent disease in sheep
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Sheep movements in FMD UK 2001
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Anthrax in sheep
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Scrapie
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Scrapie Transmission
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Scrapie signs
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Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Freedom Assurance Program- TSEFAP
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Not scrapie (lice)
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Scrapie- iceberg disease?
48
Sheep and goat pox
49
Aetiology Capripoxvirus
50
Epi Sheep and Goat Pox
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Clinical signs sheep and goat pox
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Differentials for sheep and goat pox
53
Pestes des Petits Ruminants (PPR)
54
PPR epi
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Signs of PPR
56
Pathology PPR
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Rift Valley Fever
58
Rift Valley Fever Vector
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Rift Valley Fever in Sheep
60
Rift Valley Fever as a zoonosis
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Life cycle of the sheep scab
63
Pathogenesis of the sheep scab
64
Eradication of Sheep Scab
65
Maedi-Visna
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small ruminant Lentivirus (Retroviridae)
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Transmission small ruminant Lentivirus (Retroviridae)-- Maedi Visna
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Signs Maedi
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Signs of Visna
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Diagnosis of Maedi Visna
71
Ovine Pulmonary Adenomotosis
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Clinical signs of Ovine Pulmonary Adenomotosis
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Schmallenberg virus
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Ovine enzootic abortion
75
Brucella melitensis
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EAD hotline
77
Weaner illthrift a multifactorial problem
78
What is weaner illthrift?
\* Failure of weaners to grow/thrive when other sheep are doing well
\* Increased mortality
\* poor wool production
Syndrome in which poorly grown weaner sheep ("tail of the mob") and/or high mortalities arise-- internal parasite, nutritionl, and mgt factors... parasitism, trace element deficiency or flystrike often precipitate deaths
Frequently associated with grazing dry pastures by young sheep in AUS
\* Light bodyweight due to poor nutritional mgt and hence growth rate-- major predisposing factor for weaner mortality
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Extent and importance of weaner illthrift
81
Diagnosis/ Recognition of weaner illthrift
\* \< 4% mortality weaning 12 months
\* Weigh 45% of mature weight at the end of spring
\* Grow \> 1-1.5 kg/month over summer
\* 75% of mature weight at the end of 2nd summer
\* Good history of flock mgt- joining period, worm control practices, history of trace element problems on the farm or in the district
\* Regular outbreaks of disease
\* "My weaners just don't do well"
\*\* Check body weight and necropsy....
\* History of current problem: time of weaning, pasture grazed before and after weaning (nutritional quality? Worm count?), description of clinical signs, death rates, measured bodyweight and growth rate, supplementary feeding (type, amount, frequency)
\* Clin exam and necropsy of affected sheep
\*\* Production targets-- realistic
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Check bodyweight in weaner illthrift
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Suggestive Clinical findings in necropsy of weaner illthrift
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Malnutrition in weaner illthrift
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Best practice mgt in weaner illthrift
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\* if supplementary feeding, feed 2-3 times/week once established to let shy feeders get to grain too
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Good management in weaner illthrift
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Specific dx associated with ill-thrift
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Disorders of Ca, P, vitamin D and bone metabolism
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Osteoporosis- thin cortices
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Rickets- thickened growth plates because cartilage can't be mineralised and resorbed properly
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Pathophysiology and treatment of bone disorders
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Mycoplasma ovis
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Key points for weaner mgt
98
Safe amount to start feeding grain per day
50 g/head/day (cattle x 10)
Double it for a couple of days, double for a couple days more
Increase the quantity and frequency
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What are the 15 trace micronutrients that can cause a deficiency?
100
When/why would I suspect a deficiency?
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Are there env risk factors for trace mineral deficiency?
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Nutritional myopathy of weaners causes
104
Selenium deficiency
Treatment
\* Injection or drench at 0.1 mg Se/kg BWt (usually Sodium selenite)
Prevention
\* Lambs at marking give Clostridial vaccines (have 0.5 mg/ml Se) or sodium drench
\* can mix concentrate with anthelmintic drench at weaning
\* Selenium containing bullets for sheep \> 2 months old
\* pre lambing tx of ewes in deficient areas or high clover years
\* pasture top dressing with Se containing fertilisers
\* Marginal/sub clinical- not clear whether supplementation is worthwhile
105
Vitamin E Deficiency Epi and Occurrence
106
Clinical signs and diagnosis of vitamin E deficiency
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Vitamin E tx and prevention
108
Are there suggestive clinical signs of trace mineral deficiencies?
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Nutritional Myopathy
110
Clinical signs of trace mineral deficiency
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Excess selenium
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Coastal or White Liver Disease
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Diagnosing Cu Deficiency
\* Histopath:affected body systems
\* Measure Liver copper-- liver buffers Cu in other body systems, so blood [Cu] less useful
\* Blood Cu OK in cattle
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Sheep are really susceptible to what mineral toxicity?
115
Iodine Deficiency: poor neonatal development and survival
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Iodine deficiency risk factors
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Iodine deficiency diagnosis
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Treatment and prevention options
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Cobalt deficiency background, epi, clinical signs
120
Cobalt deficiency Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention
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Cu deficiency background, epi
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Cu def clin signs, diagnosis, treatment and prevention
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Copper Toxicity
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Iodine deficiency
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Iodine deficiency diagnosis and treatment and prevention
126
Test for OJD in a herd? PRevention?
Pool samples of faeces to test for OJD
Prevention: vaccination of the ewes that will hang around such as the first cross ewes
