POP Week 1

Question 1

What is an emotion

Answer 1

= represents an organized, highly structured, reaction to an event that is relevant to the needs, goals or survival

Question 2

3 components of emotion

Answer 2

• prototypic form of expression (facial)
• pattern of consistent autonomic changes
• distint subjective feeling state

Question 3

emotions vs mood

Answer 3

emotions are shortlived. Mood takes longer than emotions

ex. feeling tired or sluggish –> fatique

feeling calm and relaxed –> serenity

Question 4

mood

Answer 4

• a transient episode of feeling or affect
• takes longer
• highly similar to the subjectuve component of emotions

Question 5

what is the benefit of feeling good / the benefit of a good mood

Answer 5

people in a good mood are more persistent and have better health

people in a good mood tend to live longer (experiment nurses)

Question 6

Broaden and build theory

Answer 6

Broaden: when you are in a positive mindset you have a more broadened mindset

Build: when you are positive you have more positive resources for yourself that you can tap into when you have to deal with something negative later on

Question 7

positive vs. negative emotions

Answer 7

• more diversity/clear differences in negative emotions (expressions)
• negative emotions do more to the body (fight/fly)

Question 8

undoing hypothesis

Answer 8

= when experiencing negative emotions you recover faster form their effect if you experience positive emotions after, compared to when you would experience neutral/negative emotions

Question 9

negative affect

Answer 9

= extend to which the individual is currently upset or distressed (high neuroticism, acting more introverted)

Question 10

positive affect

Answer 10

= relfects one’s current level of pleasure and enthusiasm (low neuroticism, more likely to be extraverted)

Question 11

How people react to something..

Answer 11

= mostly based on trait/how people view things, not on what exactly they’ve experienced in life

Question 12

Are we protected from negative influences if we are in a good mood/emotion?

Answer 12

no, positive people also experience negative emotions but these are more appropriate for the situation and positive people are more likely to recover sooner form the effects of negative emotions

Question 13

people who frequently experience positive emotions are more productive

Answer 13

• take advantage of their time
• more productive and perform better

(positive motions to job performance are correlated)

Question 14

positive people experience more personal growth

Answer 14

• because of the upward spiral they are in
• their perosnal resources grow (physical, social, intellectual) and this helps them grow and motivate themselves more

Question 15

Does income have a large effect on employees’ happiness

Answer 15

happiness leads to more succes which can lead to a higher pay

Question 16

people who frequently experience positive emotions have more succesful carreers

Answer 16

(found in a cross sectional research)
- people that are happy are more succesful at their job which enables them to more succesful careers

Question 17

negative people perform better at complex problem solving tasks

Answer 17

negative people are more focussed (small view) and positive people have a broad view
- if the problem is new to them it’s better to have focussed negative people
- if the problem is familiar to them it could be better to have positive people to solve the problem (neg people might second guess themselves and will therefore take longer to solve the problem)

Question 18

General proces between feeling positive and succes in work?

Answer 18

1. you’re at work and more positive than colleague
2. you’re more optimistic and have more self efficacy (self confidence) –> better job than your sad colleague
3. you’ll get more tasks and recognition –> more oppurtunities to take advantage
4. you’re more likely to grow quicker and have a more succesful career sooner than your sad colleague

Question 19

how do we transfer emotion

Answer 19

• consciously and subconsciously

Question 20

two-stage process

Answer 20

1. people like to mimic others behaviours (first unconscious)
2. you’ll start feeling the emotion you’re mimicking

Question 21

Why do leaders have more impact on the group’s mood?

Answer 21

= because they are the most vocal person of the group. They are the focus point of the group, they have more interactions with other group members and the group member feel like they’re dependent on the group leader (two-stage process will lead to group member mimicking the leaders emotion)

Question 22

Circumplex

Answer 22

Emotional valence (can be positive or negative)

Emotional energy
- can be high or low

Question 23

How do emotions in a group affect team perfomance

Answer 23

Groups with a leader that has a positive emotion have better coordination and cooperation and are therefore more effective. There will also be less conflict within the group.

If the leader is negative the group will think the work is not sufficient → put in more effort
It was assumed there would be better strategy if the leader is negative but this hypothesis was not proven in the experiment (note however that the experiment might have been too short since it only took 7 minutes)

Question 24

effort expenditure

Answer 24

negative moods of team leader indicated that progress inadequate. As a result the team will work harder (positive leader –> same effort)

Question 25

coordination

Answer 25

positive mood of leader –> invites group members to engage in agreeable and friendly behaviour –> these behaviours contribute to high coordination among group members and less conflict, more cooperation and more pro social behaviour

Question 26

emotional contagion

Answer 26

= a process in which a person or group influences the emotions or behaviour of another person or group through the conscious or unconscious induction of emotion states and behavioural attitudes