Population Flashcards
What is a case study of a youthful population?
Niger
What is the population of Niger?
21.5 million
How much of Niger is below 18?
58.2% below the age of 18.
What is the fertility rate in Niger?
fertility rate of approximately 7 children per woman,
What is the adult literacy rate in NIger?
14 per cent for women and 42 per cent for men.
What is the maternal mortality rate in Niger?
1 in 187 women dying during pregnancy,
childbirth or after delivery.
How many children live under the poverty line in Niger?
About 48% of children live under the monetary poverty line
What are the 2 ways that populations change
Migration and natural increase
What is the crude birth rate
The number of live births per 1,000 of a population per year – also known as ‘birth rate’
What is the crude death rate
The number of deaths per 1,000 of a population per year – also known as ‘death rate’.
Infant mortality rate
The number of children who die
before their first birthday per 1,000 live births per year
What is the Life expectancy
The average number of years a person born in a particular year in a location is expected to live for
What is the net migration change
The difference between the total number or average rate of immigrants and emigrants in an area or country over a given period of time. More immigrants than emigrants will give a positive net migration and more emigrants than immigrants gives negative net migration.
What is the DTM
The demographic transition model (DTM) was
developed by American demographer Warren
Thompson in 1929 and was based on recorded
changes in birth rates and death rates in industrialised
countries since the start of the Industrial Revolution
What problems does having a youthful population cause
- Increasing demands for improving maternal and child healthcare and education
- Providing food, water, energy and shelter for growing population
- Governments need to keep up with demand for schooling
- Lack of attendance in schools (especially in rural areas) leads to low levels of literacy and poorly educated workforce
What benefits does having a youthful population cause
- Young people of today are the country’s human resources of tomorrow
- Can foster growth and development if there are favourable political and economic conditions
- Can provide a cheap workforce and a growing market for foreign investors
What benefits does having an ageing population cause
Some pensioners are healthy and affluent:
– growth in leisure/tourism industry
– growth in private health and residential care businesses
– companies able to target growing markets
Fewer people of working age so there should be less
unemployment in the population.
Some elderly still ‘work’:
– looking after grandchildren, enabling parents to work
– volunteering in their local community
What problems does having an ageing population cause?
Welfare and healthcare costs escalating as the elderly are more likely to need support
Pensions will cost increasingly more in the future (the ‘pensions time bomb’):
– costs have to be borne by a smaller economically active population
– workers may have to pay higher taxes
Smaller proportion of the population are ‘economically active’ – this may affect economic growth and the overall standard of living; may be skills shortages
What is an example of a country with an ageing population
Japan
How much of the population is over 65?
24%
What is the median age in Japan
46.7
What will the median age be in Japan in 2050?
53.2
What are the reasons for Japan’s ageing population?
Excellent healthcare, sanitation and high living standards
• 10.2% of GDP spent on healthcare in 2013
• Low fat diets, lower obesity and heart disease problems
• Air is cleaner because fewer fossil fuels are used as they opt for nuclear and Hydroelectric power
• Contraception is accessible and widely used consequently decreasing fertility rates
• Price of going to school is expensive, expensive costs meaning couples have less children
• Marriage - Japanese people tend not to have children unless they are married however, marriages have been decreasing. 62% of women and 72% of men have never been married.
• Role of women in society:
• Women receive a more equal status as men therefore they are more focused
on their careers and have fewer children
What are some positive impacts of an ageing population?
Due to globalisation the secondary sector is still very successful, more revenue is brought in to support the economy.
• Less pressure on schools
• Increased demand for leisure activities from elderly; creating jobs
• New robot technology to assist the elderly. Worth $1 billion to the economy
• The grey pound brings a lot of revenue to the economy especially in areas like leisure and tourism
