POPULATION

Question 1

Both Hardy Weinberg Equations

Answer 1

p + q = 1
p² + 2pq + q² = 1

Question 2

What does (p) stand for?

Answer 2

Frequency of Dominant Alleles

Question 3

What does (q) stand for?

Answer 3

Frequency of Reccessive Alleles

Question 4

What does (p²) stand for?

Answer 4

Frequency of Homozygous Dominant Genotype

Question 5

What does (2pq) stand for?

Answer 5

Frequency of Heterozygous Genotype

Question 6

What does (q²) stand for?

Answer 6

Frequency of Homozygous Reccessive Genotype

Question 7

Conditions required for Hardy-Weinberg

Answer 7

1. No mutation
2. No immigration / emigration
3. No Natural Selection
4. Random Mating
5. Large Population

Question 8

Population

Answer 8

A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time

Question 9

Population Density

Answer 9

Number of individuals per unit area / volume

Question 10

Equation for Population Density

Question 11

Growth Rate

Answer 11

The change in population size over a given time period

Question 12

Equation for Growth Rate

Question 13

Per Capita Growth Rate

Answer 13

Population change per individual

Question 14

Equation for Per Capita Growth Rate

Question 15

Biotic Potential

Answer 15

[r] Maximum reproductive capacity of a population under ideal conditions.

Question 16

Carrying Capacity

Answer 16

[K] Maximum number of individuals that an enviroment can sustainably support

Question 17

Lag Phase

Answer 17

Initial phase of population growth where the rate is slow

Question 18

Exponential Growth

Answer 18

Rapid population increase forming a J-shaped curve

Question 19

Logistic Growth

Answer 19

Population growth that slows as it reaches carrying capacity, forming a S-shaped curve

Question 20

Stationary Phase

Answer 20

The period when population growth levels off and stabilizes

Question 21

Clumped Distribution

Answer 21

Individuals group in patches, most common in nature

Question 22

Uniform Distribution

Answer 22

Even spacing due to territorial behaviour or competition

Question 23

Random Distribution

Answer 23

No set pattern; occurs where resources are evenly distributed

Question 24

r-Selected Species

Answer 24

Reproduce quickly, many offspring, little / no parental care

Question 25

K-Selected Species

Answer 25

Reproduce slowly, few offspring, high parental care

Question 26

Natural Selection

Answer 26

A process where individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce

Question 27

Mutation

Answer 27

A change in DNA that can introduce new traits into a population

Question 28

Genetic Drift

Answer 28

Random changes in allele frequencies, especially in small populations

Question 29

Founder Effect

Answer 29

New population started by small group, alleles reflect founders not the original

Question 30

Bottleneck Effect

Answer 30

A severe population reduction that lowers genetic diversity

Question 31

Gene Flow

Answer 31

Movement of genes between populations

Question 32

Symbiosis

Answer 32

Relationship between individuals of different species

Question 33

Mutualism

Answer 33

Both species benefit

Question 34

Commensalism

Answer 34

One species gains, the other is unaffected

Question 35

Parasitism

Answer 35

One species gains at the expense of the other

Question 36

Niche

Answer 36

The role a species plays in its enviroment, including resource use and behavior

Question 37

Intraspecific Competition

Answer 37

Competition between individuals of the same species

Question 38

Interspecific Competition

Answer 38

Competition between individuals of different species

Question 39

Gause's Competitive Exclusion Principle

Answer 39

No two species can occupy the same niche in the same enviroment indefinitely

Question 40

Predation

Answer 40

One organism feeds on another (prey)

Question 41

Boom-and-bust Cycle

Answer 41

Regular fluctuation in predator and prey populations

Question 42

Cryptic Coloration

Answer 42

Camouflage

Question 43

Batesian Mimicry

Answer 43

A harmless species mimics a harmful one

Question 44

Mullerian Mimicry

Answer 44

Two or more harmful species resemble each other for mutual protection

Question 45

Ecological Succession

Answer 45

Natural, gradual changes in the types of species in an area over timeP

Question 46

Primary Succession

Answer 46

Succession starting in an area with no soil

Question 47

Secondary Succession

Answer 47

Succession after disturbance where soil is still present

Question 48

Pioneer Community

Answer 48

The first species to colonize a barren or disturbed enviroment

Question 49

Climax Community

Answer 49

A stable, mature ecosystem at the end of succession

Question 50

Age Pyramid

Answer 50

A graph that shows the size of a population at certain ages; base of chart means newer generations and gets older the higher you go

Question 50

Abiotic Factor

Answer 50

A non-living factor in the enviroment

Question 51

Biotic Factor

Answer 51

A living factor that affects organisms

Question 51

Density Dependent Factor

Answer 51

A factor whose impact increase as population size increases

Question 52

Density Independent Factor

Answer 52

A factor that affects a population regardless of its size