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Population Flashcards

(80 cards)

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0
Q

Why are there fewer people in mountainous areas

A 
No farming
Hard to build infrastructure and houses 
Generally colder and wetter
Landslides or avalanches
Isolated
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1
Q

Definition of population

A

Density of people in a certain area (total population/total area of land)

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2
Q

Reasons for Glasgow and Edinburgh being populated areas

A 
Near large rivers
Glasgow important for ship building
Water for power 
Coal found close 
Fertile land
Jobs available
Scottish government in Edinburgh
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3
Q

Reasons for population distribution

A 
High temperatures 
Lots of rain 
Dense forest 
Unpleasant living conditions 
Fertile soil 
Flat land 
Resources for industry
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4
Q

Where in continents is population concentrated

A

Edges not middle

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5
Q

Most crowded continents

A

Europe and Asia

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6
Q

Population distribution in India separate

A

High relief is lower and flat land is higher
Importation and exportation available in South so population is higher here
Dense population in industrial areas and sparse in woods/forest

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7
Q

Population distribution in India overall

A

Dense in South

Sparse in the centre, Far East, far north and North East

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8
Q

Birth rate definition

A

Number of babies born per thousand people per year

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9
Q

Death rate definition

A

Number of people who die per thousand people per year

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10
Q

Natural increase definition

A

Difference between the birth and death rate- birth rate must be higher than death rate for natural increase

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11
Q

Natural decrease definition

A

Difference between birth and rate- death rate must be higher than birth rate for natural decrease

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12
Q

Young population on jobs

A

Low unemployment

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13
Q

Demographic transition model stage 1

Why high birth rate?

A

High birth rate because
Population growth is stable
Parents needed children to look after them in old age
Lack of contraceptives
Sometimes you’d get more land with more children

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14
Q

Demographic transition model stage 1

Why high death rate?

A 
High death rate because 
Lack of medical help 
High disease rate 
Close living conditions 
Lack of sanitation 
Lack of clean water
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15
Q

Society and population growth in DTM stage 1

A

Subsistence farming, agricultural society

Population growth is stable

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16
Q

Demographic transition model stage 2

Why high birth rate?

A 
Help for farming and care in old age 
Continue family name 
Girls not accepted 
Contraceptives not easily obtainable
More people overall to have children
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17
Q

Demographic transition model stage 2

Why lower death rate?

A

Better sanitation and hygiene
Water clean
Improved education
More medicine and readily available

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18
Q

Society and population growth in DTM stage 2

A

Farming still dominated society with close living conditions and an increasing population but death rate is high but decreasing

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19
Q 
Demographic transition model stage 3
Why high (falling) birth rate?
A 
Accepting of contraception 
Children can no longer work-expense
People married later 
Women became more independent 
Pensions in production
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20
Q

Demographic transition model stage 3

Why low birth rate?

A

Fewer women dying in child birth

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21
Q

Society and population growth in DTM stage 3

A

Population aren’t dependant on farming and most people are working on manufacturing industry and some in service industry

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22
Q

Demographic transition model stage 4

Why low birth rate?

A
  • all previous reasons
  • abortions introduced into societies
  • pensions introduced
  • women expect careers so decide on children and later in life
  • single lifestyle becoming more accepted
  • marriage without immediate children accepted
  • homosexuality more common
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23
Q

Demographic transition model stage 4

Why low death rate?

A
  • huge improvements in medicine
  • healthier lifestyles
  • high education
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24
Society and population growth in DTM stage 4
Most people employed in service industry
25
Demographic transition model stage 5 predictions
Low birth rate and death rate because children are expensive and older population- not enough young people to work
26
What is a population pyramid
A graph which shows the structure of a countries population in age and gender
27
Shape of population pyramid in LDC DTM in stage 1
Triangle point at top at 60
28
Shape of population pyramid in LDC DTM in stage 2
Larger triangle (tip 80)
29
Shape of population pyramid in LDC DTM in stage 3
Straight then triangle on top (80)
30
Shape of population pyramid in MDC DTM in stage 4
Curved flat at top
31
Consequences of a high birth rate
- large % of young people - growing population - can lead to overcrowding - low education because too many kids - can outstrip resources eg land
32
Solution to high birth rate
- restrict amount of children allowed - give benefits to those with less children (education, excess land and healthcare) - examples are China and Kerela
33
Consequences of an ageing population
- too many elderly and they are dependant on young people | - not enough money into the economy
34
Solution to high birth rate
- older retirement age so more workers - encourage funding own pensions - import people and encourage them to work to keep up economy - example is France, people were given financial help with more children
35
4 major factors affecting population growth
Agricultural change Urbanisation Education Emancipation/status of women
36
Agricultural change
Occurs in early development Technology improves Less labour Rapid economic growth
37
Urbanisation
Rural to urban migration in poorer countries | Better education
38
Education
Improves | Economic disadvantage to children
39
Emancipation and status of women
Education increases and opportunities for girls increase Larger workforce required Women participate Equality increases
40
Issues surrounding an ageing population
- too many jobs and not enough people - trade low - taxes not payed - different care needs - pensions put strain on government
41
Why is birth rate low at the moment?
- married later - have children later - women have careers - health care good, low infant mortality rate - money to support retired people
42
George Magnus on population
Richer and developing countries have ageing populations | Life expectancy from 69-1950 to 85-2500
43
Coping with ageing population in the UK
- encourage private pensions - increase retirement age - low interest rates - distribution of elderly population
44
Benefits of an ageing population
- more leisure time so money into economy - won't holiday in regular holiday season so will extend the holiday season - voluntary work and national trust employ retired people
45
Ageing population in the EU
- very low birth rates - children later so not as many - women have 1.5 but to sustain population it must be 2.1 - Western Europe have higher birth rates than in Eastern Europe
46
What is migration?
Movement of people from one permanent home to another with the intention of staying at least a year
47
What is a migrant
Person who's moved from one place to another to live and work there
48
What's an immigrant
Person who has moved into a country to live and work
49
What's an emigrant
A person who has left a country to live an work elsewhere
50
Internal migration example (and issues)
In the UK, when people retire they often move to coastal locations eg Isle of Wight This can be bad because partner can die and then they won't know anyone in the are so can be isolated
51
Push factors in migration
``` Natural disasters Low income House shortages Intolerance High unemployment Political or social unrest Difficult climate ```
52
Pull factors in migration
``` Job prospects Health care High standard of living Improved housing (more readily available) Racial and religious tolerance High wage Attractive environment Educational opportunities ```
53
Advantages to host country
- work force expanded - people will do less attractive jobs - money spent by these people - enriches culture
54
Disadvantages to host country
- jobs taken up - strain on country in housing and healthcare - areas become ghettos as people move to where there are people of the same origin - schools have to supply teachers with diff language, parent feel less attention is on their child - money sent back to home country for family (money taken out not put in) - racism in political parties - strain on transport - rising birth rate
55
Advantages to home county of migration
- money coming in which boosts economy - no strain on respects - people may return with valuable skills - more disposable income for those who return
56
Disadvantages to home country of migration
- smaller population (ageing) - skilled workers leave - fewer people adding to economy - technological development slowed - money put into elderly population, education may be less good
57
Migration within the EU 200-2004
2004-2006 UK received 600,000 Eastern European migrants
58
How many countries in Europe
28 countries
59
Law within the EU for migration
EU residents can travel to other EU countries without legal right and can live and work there
60
Immigration in Spain
Grew by 400% in 10 years in early 21st century
61
Immigration in UK growth prediction
40% over 40 years
62
What are asylum seekers
People who are at risk in their home country | 1/3 of EU immigrants claim to be this
63
Bosnian war refugee distribution figures
400,000- Germany
64
Iraq and Afghanistan asylum seekers distribution
2 million 70,000 lived in Sweden Others in Netherlands, UK, Germany, Greece and Belgium
65
Asylum requested from Iraq to the UK
2007- 38,286 2006- 19,376 Largest group seeking refugees in the EU
66
DTM stage 1 country
Traditional rainforest tribes
67
DTM stage 2 country
Afghanistan
68
DTM stage 3 country
Brazil
69
DTM stage 4 country
Usa
70
DTM stage 5 country
Germany
71
Social advantages to Indonesia transmigration (losing)
``` More space for families More pleasant surroundings Less diseases spreading More farming- More money from this Life quality improved More working opportunities ```
72
Economic advantages to Indonesia transmigration (losing)
More work opportunities More money in government Improved healthcare and infrastructure
73
Environmental advantages to Indonesia transmigration (losing)
``` Less pollution Less erosion Less littering More farming land Less flooding ```
74
Social and economic advantages to Indonesia transmigration (gaining)
``` Better in infrastructure More roads More schools More houses More money from tourism Better hospitals ```
75
Environmental advantages to Indonesia transmigration (gaining)
Better access inland | Tourism for environment
76
Social disadvantages to Indonesia transmigration (losing)
Birth rate still increasing | Families split and elderly left
77
Economic disadvantages to Indonesia transmigration (losing)
Not enough young people to do jobs
78
Social disadvantages to Indonesia transmigration (gaining)
Local tribes losing land Conflict created Leads to dissatisfaction with the government
79
Environmental disadvantages to Indonesia transmigration (gaining)
More pollution Deforestation Erosion Loss of habitats

Geography (6 decks)

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