Population Change Flashcards
(30 cards)
What is birth rate?
The number of live babies born per thousand of the population per year.
What is death rate?
The number of deaths per thousand of the population per year.
What causes population to grow? What is it called?
A birth rate higher than the death rate is called natural increase.
What causes population to decrease? What is it called?
A death rate higher than a birth rate is called natural decrease.
How is population growth linked to development of a country?
1) more developed countries have better healthcare which leads to a drop in death rate and faster population growth.
2) As they become more developed they move through the stages of the DTM.
3) Poorer, less developed countries are in the earlier stages of the DTM (2-3)- high population growthW
4) Richer countries are in the later stages (4-5)- low or negative population growth
What does a high top bar mean in a population pyramid?
it means better life expectancy
What is life expectancy?
the average age in years a person can be expected to live.
What do the sides in a population pyramid show you?
The gender balance of a county and if they live to a similar age
What does the 0-9 age group tell you?
It tells you about the birth rate, fewer people means a lower birth rate.
What do bulges or dips mean?
Lots of people of a particular age group have moved into/ out of a country, killed in war or a previous baby boom.
How do you work out dependency ratio?
(number of people 0-15 + number of people 65+)/ number of people 16-64
What is dependency ratio?
how many peopleare supported by the working population?
What causes high birth rate?
no use of contraception, lots of children due to infant mortality, ecomomy based on agriculture so people have lots of children to work on farms.
What causes high death rate?
Poor healthcare, famine.
What does low life expectancy mean for the type of people in a population?
the population is made up mostly of young people.
What causes death rate to fall?
improved heathcare and diet
What is population structure like in a stage 2 population pyramid?
life expectancy has increased but there are still more young people than old
What causes birth rate to fall?
emancipation of women, better education, increased use of contraception, women chose a career, manufacturing economy,
What causes low birth rate?
urbanisation, wealth improves (want more possessions, less money for children).
What causes birth rate to fall?
less money to raise children because people have dependent elderly relatives
What are the negative impacts of rapid population growth?
1) most likely to happen in poorer countires (2/3 DTM).
2) can cause overpopulation
3) lead to a youthful population which has a high dependency ratio
What are 3 SOCIAL impacts of population growth?
1) public services can’t cope so not everybody has access to them
2) children have to work to support large families so lose out on education
3) there aren’t enough houses so people live in makeshift houses in overcrowded settlements which leads to health problems because of poor sanitation and lack of clean water.
What are 2 ECONOMIC impacts of population growth?
1) Not enough jobs so unemployment increases
2) increased poverty because more children are born into already poor families
What are 2 ENVIRONMENTAL impacts of population growth?
1) Increased waste and pollution (cars/ landfill)
2) more natural resources used up (deforestation)
