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Population Change Knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

How is birth rate measured

A

Number of babies born per 1000 per year

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2
Q

The more economically developed a county the … The birth rate

A

Lower

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3
Q

How is death rate measure

A

Number of deaths per 1000 per year

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4
Q

Death rates are …. In poor countries to what the are in rich countries

A

Similar

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5
Q

What is the world average death rate

A

9-10/1000

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6
Q

What is natural increase

A

The difference between birth rate and death rate in a country

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7
Q

The worlds population is growing…

A

Exponentially

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8
Q

What is stage one of the dtm called

A

High fluctuating

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9
Q

Give the likely BR and DR of a country in stage one of the dtm

A

Over 30/1000

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10
Q

Why are birth rates high in stage one of the dtm

A

High infant mortality rate so people have more children to hope one survives
Children needed to work their parents land
Religion
Lack of access to birth control

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11
Q

Why are death rates high on stage one of the dtm

A

Famine
Bad hygiene
Diseases
Fewer hospitals

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12
Q

What is stage two of the dtm called

A

Early expanding

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13
Q

What happens to the BR in stage two (early expanding)

A

It remains high

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14
Q

How do the DR and BR act in stage two

A

They fluctuate

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15
Q

What happens to death rates in stage two (early expanding)

A

They fall rapidly to prehaps 20/1000

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16
Q

Why do the death rates decrease in stage two if the dtm

A

More food
IMR decreases
Medical care
Improved sanitation

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17
Q

What is stage three of the dtm called

A

Late expanding

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18
Q

What happens to birth rates in stage three of the dtm

A

They decrease rapidly

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19
Q

What happens to death rates in the late expanding stage (stage three)

A

Continue to fall but at slower rate eg 15/1000

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20
Q

Does the population grow in stage three of the dtm

A

Yes but slower

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21
Q

Why do birth rates fall in stage 3 (late expanding)

A

Lower IMR
Industrialisation
Family planning

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22
Q

What is stage four if the dtm called

A

Low fluctuating

23
Q

Why do birth rates fluctuate in stage four (low fluctuating)

A

Fashions (different numbers of children fashionable)

Different natalist policies

24
Q

What is stage five of the dtm called

25
..... Rates rise causing ..... In stage five if the dtm
Death | natural decrease
26
Why do death rates rise in the stage 5
Ageing population | Prehaps poor lifestyle (less active more fatty foods)
27
How does agricultural change decrease population growth
Better tools means less people required to work the land
28
How does industrialisation effect population growth
At first increase it more people needed for factories then decreases it as more technology becomes available to do the work for them
29
What three factors effect population growth
Industrialisation Urbanisation Women's rights
30
Why do the rights of women effect population growth
As women get better rights they become more likely to be career driven. This leaves less time for maternity leave etc
31
Describe a population pyramid for an ledc / stage one of dtm
IMR is high so is concave Wide base high birth rate Narrow peak low life expectancy Jagged sections unsteady birth rate
32
Describe the population pyramid for a rich country stage four dtm
Higher And less narrow apex Consistent sides consistent birth rate Convex low IMR Narrow base = low birth rate
33
Describe the population pyramid of stage two country
Higher apex life expectancy rises Wider sides Sides still get narrower high ish IMR Wide base high birth rate
34
Describe the population pyramid for a stage 3 country
Narrowing base decrease in birth rate Straight sides low IMR Wider at top higher life expectancy
35
Describe the population pyramid for a stage 5 country
Very narrow base low Birth rate Widens as it gets bigger Very high life expectancy Very low IMR
36
What is a sustainable population
Where the growth of the country doesn't have an impact in the future generations
37
What are the economical problems of a rapidly growing population
Unemployment Informal sector jobs Debts Poor living standards
38
What are the social problems of a rapid growth in population
Over crowding Poor services Rise in crime
39
Political problems
Unstable governments | Racial tension
40
What are the political problems of rapid population growth
Unstable governments | Racial tension
41
What are the environmental problems of rapid population growth
Overgrazing Pollution Deforestation Traffic congestion
42
Name as many factors as you can that effect birth rates
``` Family planning Education Later marriage City migration Better health care Employment prospects Women in the workforce ```
43
Where would you find an ageing population
Stages four or five
44
What leads to an ageing population
Low birth rates | Medical care improvements
45
What are the elderly know as
The elderly dependants
46
How do you work out the dependancy ratio
Dependants/independents x 100
47
The .... The dependants Per .... The .... The country is
Fewer Independant Wealthier
48
Name as many push factors as possible
``` Unemployment Safety Services Poverty Crop faliure Drought War Isolation Natural disasters ```
49
Name as many pull factors as possible
``` Employment Safety Better services Wealth Food supplies Fertile land Political security Family and friends. Less risk of natural disasters ```
50
Define an asylum seeker
A illegal immigrant who claims there home country is to dangerous to return so they are seeking asylum (safety)
51
What are the positive impacts of migration on the country of origin
Send money back Less strain on services May return better trained
52
What are the negatives of migration
Loss of workers (often skilled workers) | Splits up families
53
What are the positives of migration to the host country
``` Migrants bring skills Pay tax Take unwanted jobs Transfer knowledge Cultural exchange ```
54
What are the negatives of international migration in the host nation
Strain on resources | May cause racial tensions

Human Geography (17 decks)

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