Population development Flashcards
What is the Demographic Transition Model (DTM)
A Model that attempts to explain how the Population growth rate has changed with economic and social development and how more development is correlated with a smaller growth rate
How many stages of the DTM are there?
5
What is the first stage of the DTM?
A country with a low level of economic development (before industrialisation)
High birth rate and death rate
No sexual education + no access to healthcare
Population stagnates and stays relatively equal
How does the population pyramid of the first stage of the DTM look like?
many young people and very few old people
What is the second stage of the DTM?
Beginning of industrialisation
Hihg birth rate and raplidy decreasing death rate due to better access to healthcare
How does the population pyramid in the second stage of the DTM look like?
A skinny pyramid, many more younhg people and more and more seniors as the population begins to age
What is the third stage of the DTM?`
End of rapid industrialisation
Birth rate begins to decline as sexual education and access to birth control has made avoiding children easier
Cost of having a a child increases significantly
Death rate still declining as well
How does the population pyramid in the third stage of the DTM look like?
A regular pyramid with mor eand more seniors filling the top
What is the fourth stage of the DTM?
Beginning of stagnation
Birht rates continue to fall as having children becomes more and more expensive
Death rates each a natural limit and stop decreasing
population growth stagnates and begins to decline
How does the population pyramid in the fourth stage of the DTM look like?
An urn shape
What is the fifth stage of the DTM?
Beginning of population decline
Birth rate finally sinks below death rate due to immense cost of having children and easy access to birth control
How does the population pyramid in the fifth stage of the DTM look like?
An inverted pyramid with mroe seniors than young people
What are the negative consequences of an elderly population?
Elderly people require more intensive care and are not able to work, costing time and money from the rest of society. Since they cannot contribute, budgets and workplaces will face shortages of manpower, straining social services to a breaking point
What are the negative consequences of overpopulation?
Overpopulation has the potential to overwhelm public services like housing, education, police and more, espcieally in urban areas, and thereby reduce the quality of life and availability of services
What can be done to combat the declining birth rate?
Giving aspiring parents money and time away from work to spend with their families
Make Kindergardens, Afterschool programms cheaper/free and available everywhere to reduce parental stress
Make housing cheaper so a family has enough space to live
Build dense and interconnected housing so families live togehter and can assists each other
