Population Dynamics Flashcards
(32 cards)
Reasons for population growth (Max. 9)
-Better housing (Less overcrowding, less damp)
-Better medical knowledge (access to doctors, vaccines, and antibiotics)
-Increased life expectancy
-Natural increase (higher births than deaths)
-Better nutritional knowledge
-Food distribution is more equal
For LEDCs:
-Larger families to work on farms
-No contraception
-No family planning
-Cultural/religious beliefs (pressure from community)
Population explosion
Sudden increase in population size
Growth rate
Average increase in a population over time
Carrying capacity
The amount of people an environment can support
Optimum population
The ideal amount of people a country should have considering its resources
Case study for overpopulation
India
Case study for underpopulation
Iceland
India’s factors for growth (Max. 7)
-Better medical knowledge (doctors, medicine, vaccines)
-Lower mortality rate (less babies dying)
-Beliefs on birth control changing over time
-Higher life expectancy
-Country is developing
-Children to work on farms
-Babies born to counter lower mortality rate
Consequences of India’s overpopulation (Max. 8)
-Strained resources (food, water, space)
-Congestion
-Unemployment
-Difficulty in distributing amenities
-Pressure on government’s finances
-Pressure on utilities
-Larger workforce
-Increased tax revenue
Iceland’s factors of underpopulation (Max. 5)
-Women wanting to prioritise careers
-People wanting to focus on social lives
-Couples choosing to have children later in life as they want to pursure education
-Cost of childcare (toys, clothes, food, education)
-Children seen as financial burden
Consequences of Iceland’s underpopulation (Max. 9)
-Little to no congestion
-Increased productivity
-Lower tax revenue
-Less demand for goods and services
-Less government services
-Not enough people to defend country
-Lower workforce
-More resources available
-More jobs available
What do pyramid-shaped population pyramids show? (Max. 4)
-High birth rate
-High death rate
-High infant mortality (no vaccines, education, untreated diseases)
-Population increase (More births than deaths)
What do bell curve-shaped population pyramids show? (Max. 3)
-Low birth rate
-High life expectancy
-Ageing population (People living longer)
Natural increase
Rate of births higher than deaths
Natural decrease
Rate of deaths higher than births
Reasons for changes in birth rate (Max. 6)
-Family planning
-Later marriages
-Pressure from community
-Cultural beliefs
-Potential workers for income
-Governments creating incentives
Reasons for changes in death rate (Max.3)
-Improved healthcare
-Reliable food supply
-War (killed in action, bombs, air strikes)
Impacts of an ageing population (Max. 4)
-Pressure on healthcare facilities (elderly prone to diseases)
-Less tax-payers
-Less workers
-Burden on younger family members
-Higher dependency ratio
Impacts of a young population (Max. 4)
-Higher dependency ratio
-Pressure on health services in future when they reach child-bearing age
-Overpopulation
-Pressure on education
Immigration
International movement of people to a country they did not originate from
Migration
Movement of people from one place to another
Emigration
Act of leaving a place of residence with the intent of settling somewhere else
Types of migration (Max. 5)
-International
-Internal
-Forced
-Voluntary
-Economic
Push factors
The reasons an individual leaves a place
