Population Genetics & Hardy Weinberg (16)

Question 1

Population

Answer 1

1. Group of organisms inhabiting the same area
2. Can interbreed to form fertile offspring

Question 2

Gene Pool

Answer 2

The sum of all alleles at all gene loci of the individuals in a population

Question 2

Species

Answer 2

1. Group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring

Question 3

Evolutions

Answer 3

The change in populations over time
(note: individuals do not evolve)

Question 4

Natural Selection

Answer 4

1. Gene variation leads to variation in traits
2. Some organisms have inherited traits that allow them to produce more surviving offspring (than those without that trait)
3. Over time, the population will include more individuals with
4. Acts directly on phenotypes and indirectly on genotypes
5. Fitness: The # of surviving organisms an organism produces for the next generation

Question 5

Evolution Mechanism

Answer 5

Decent with modification
1. Overtime, small changes accumulate that give rise to new species

Question 6

Lamarck

Answer 6

Accumulation of advantageous traits throughout one’s life that are passed down to their offspring (giraffes)

Question 7

Darwin

Answer 7

Individuals are both with advantageous or disadvantageous traits

Question 8

Population Genetics

Answer 8

The study of genes in a population

Question 9

Hardy Weinberg Principle

Answer 9

If certain conditions are met, allelic frequencies in a population will remain the same from generation to generation — No evolution occurring

Question 10

Hardy Weinberg Conditions

Answer 10

1. Large population (no genetic drift) (P)
   2, Mating is random (M) (assortative mating is phenotypically similar individuals mate)
2. No new mutations (M)
3. No immigration or emigration (no gene flow) (I)
4. No selection (S)

Question 11

Genetic Drift

Answer 11

Changes in allelic frequency due to chance
1. Founder effect: few individuals found a new population
2. Bottleneck effect: drastic reduction in population due to event

Question 12

Disruptive Selection

Answer 12

Eliminates intermediate types

Question 13

Directional Selection

Answer 13

Eliminates one extreme

Question 14

Stabilizing Selection

Answer 14

Eliminates both extremes

Question 15

Heterozygote advantage

Answer 15

Heterozygotes are favored (sickle cell anemia)

Question 16

Artificial Selection

Answer 16

Human exerted selection