Population Presentations Flashcards
(184 cards)
1
Q
What is Muscular Dystrophy?
A
A group of diseases that causes progressive weakness and a loss of muscle mass due to abnormal genes interfering with protein production needed for healthy muscles.
2
Q
What are the two main types of Muscular Dystrophy?
A
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) which is more common and starts earlier in life and Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD) which occurs later and is less common.
3
Q
What is Adaptive Recreation?
A
A transformative approach to recreational activities that includes adjusting equipment teaching methods and services for individuals with disabilities.
4
Q
How can adaptive recreation benefit individuals with Muscular Dystrophy?
A
It can include activities like wheelchair sports and assisted swimming helping maintain mobility and social engagement.
5
Q
What are common symptoms of Muscular Dystrophy in children?
A
Symptoms include falling often walking on toes delayed growth trouble running and jumping and difficulty getting up from lying or sitting.
6
Q
What diagnostic tests are recommended for Muscular Dystrophy?
A
Doctors may recommend physical exams enzyme tests genetic tests heart monitoring tests muscle biopsy and electromyography.
7
Q
What is the global prevalence of Muscular Dystrophy?
A
Approximately 3.6 per 100000 people globally.
8
Q
How many people in the US have some form of Muscular Dystrophy?
A
Around 250000 people.
9
Q
What common comorbid conditions are associated with Muscular Dystrophy?
A
Cardiac problems respiratory issues gastrointestinal complications intellectual disability obesity kidney stones and cardiomyopathy.
10
Q
What psychological factors can affect individuals with Muscular Dystrophy?
A
Anxiety depression and feelings of isolation.
11
Q
What barriers does Muscular Dystrophy create for individuals?
A
Physical limitations social isolation fatigue pain and loss of independence impacting quality of life.
12
Q
What are common goals in therapeutic recreation for individuals with Muscular Dystrophy?
A
Goals include preserving range of motion improving muscular strength enhancing function increasing fine motor skills and promoting inclusiveness.
13
Q
What are some TR treatment modalities for Muscular Dystrophy?
A
Medications assistive devices physical therapy aquatic therapy support groups massage therapy and yoga.
14
Q
What types of assistive technology are used for individuals with Muscular Dystrophy?
A
Mouth sticks head wands single switch access auto type software eye tracking devices and aquatic wheelchairs/lifts.
15
Q
What are some tips for effective therapeutic recreation with individuals with Muscular Dystrophy?
A
Tune into individual needs encourage social interactions increase accessibility create a welcoming environment and use cultural competence.
16
Q
What are some common characteristics/issues of Muscular Dystrophy?
A
Impact on other organs like the heart and lungs varying progression rates and challenges in diagnosis.
17
Q
What is the significance of range of motion exercises for individuals with Muscular Dystrophy?
A
They help minimize impacts of MD by maintaining flexibility upright posture and mobility.
18
Q
What are the implications of progressive muscle weakness in Muscular Dystrophy?
A
It creates physical limitations that affect daily tasks and leisure activities.
19
Q
How can adaptive solutions improve the quality of life for individuals with Muscular Dystrophy?
A
By ensuring meaningful leisure activities and promoting inclusivity.
20
Q
What is the role of physical therapy in managing Muscular Dystrophy?
A
To improve strength flexibility and overall function.
21
Q
What is the importance of social interactions for individuals with Muscular Dystrophy?
A
They help reduce feelings of isolation and promote engagement in activities.
22
Q
What are some modifications that can be made for inclusive recreation?
A
Adjusting activity sizes using lighter weights and providing significant stretching.
23
Q
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
A
An acquired injury to the brain caused by external physical force resulting in functional or psychological impairment.
24
Q
Open TBI
A
Foreign object penetrates the skull and enters the brain tissue.
25
Closed TBI
Brain is injured without a break in the skull.
26
Tetraplegia
Paralysis of all 4 limbs.
27
Paralysis
A loss of voluntary muscle function in the upper body.
28
Hemiparesis
Weakness on one side of body impaired communication between brain and muscles.
29
Paraplegic
Someone who is affected by lower limb paralysis but retains function of upper body.
30
Acquired brain injury
Individual experienced normal development until injury leading to impaired brain function.
31
Coma
State of unconsciousness from which the patient cannot be awakened or aroused.
32
Communicative disorder
An impairment in hearing language and/or speech processes.
33
Diffuse axonal injury (DAI)
Widespread damage to the brain's white matter.
34
Concussion
Mild TBI that temporarily injures the brain.
35
Hematoma
Bleeding in or around the brain.
36
Contusion
Small blood vessels are damaged causing blood to leak into skin.
37
Skull fracture
Break or crack in the bones of the skull which can lead to damage of the brain.
38
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE)
Progressive neurological disorder which may include problems with thinking understanding and communicating.
39
Mild TBI (Concussion)
A type of TBI characterized by a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 13 - 15.
40
Moderate TBI
A type of TBI characterized by a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 9 - 12.
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Severe TBI
A type of TBI characterized by a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 3 - 8.
42
Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)
A scale used to assess consciousness with eye opening motor response and verbal response metrics.
43
Prevalence of TBI
Over 69000 TBI-related deaths in the United States in 2021 (~ 190 deaths every day).
44
Motor Vehicle Accidents
Account for 50% of all TBIs.
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Sports related brain injury
Annually ~ 300000 occurrences.
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Age Matters
65 years and older are at fall risk 65 and under at risk for transportation accidents.
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Symptoms of Mild TBI
Headache vomiting fatigue speech issues loss of balance blurred vision ears ringing bad taste in mouth loss of smell light + sound sensitivity.
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Symptoms of Moderate + Severe TBI
Persistent + worsening headache repeated vomiting + nausea seizures dilation of pupils extreme deep sleep weakness or numbness in fingers and toes loss of coordination.
49
Communication Impairment
Difficulty speaking + articulating
50
Fatigue
Fast mental and physical fatigue
51
Social Barriers
Loss of relationships
52
Aphasia
Inability to complete activities potential frustration
53
Dysarthia
Trouble following conversations reading nonverbal cues
54
Financial Standing
Accessibility Issues; Assistive Tech is costly
55
Rehabilitation / reintegration programs
Lack of programs available
56
Common Goals - TR & TBI
Find new ways to enjoy life while benefiting overall health
57
Cognitive Goals
Improve attention span memory problem-solving
58
Physical Goals
Enhance strength endurance coordination and balance; gain confidence and comfort in physical activities
59
Social Skills Goals
Increase engagement and build relationships through group activities
60
Emotional Goals
Find ways to manage negative emotions through leisure activities
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Leisure Education
Identify new or adapted leisure interests
62
Community Reintegration
Support return to community through practice
63
Mental Health Issues
Comorbidities of TBI's: Depression Anxiety PTSD
64
Sleep Impairments
Insomnia Daytime drowsiness
65
Physical Pain
Chronic Pain Headaches + Migraines
66
Possible Complications
Seizures Infections
67
Brain Disease Risk
Alzheimers Parkinsons Dementia
68
What is arthritis?
Arthritis is the swelling and tenderness of one or more joints where two bones meet.
69
How many types of arthritis are known?
There are over 100 known types of arthritis.
70
What are the two main types of arthritis?
The two main types are osteoarthritis (wear and tear) and rheumatoid arthritis (where the immune system mistakenly damages joints).
71
What are common symptoms of arthritis?
Common symptoms include pain stiffness in the joints swelling redness and a decrease in range of motion.
72
What are some treatments for arthritis?
Treatments include physical therapy occupational therapy anti-inflammatory medicines arthritis surgery joint fusion and joint replacement.
73
What are some risk factors for developing arthritis?
Risk factors include family history age (common in people 50+) sex (more common in women) previous injury and obesity.
74
Where is arthritis most commonly found in the body?
Arthritis is most common in the hands wrists knees hips feet ankles shoulders and lower back.
75
What comorbid conditions are associated with arthritis?
Comorbid conditions include cardiovascular disease depression diabetes and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
76
Why is therapeutic recreation (TR) important for people with arthritis?
TR is important because it can improve daily living and future well-being by addressing decreased flexibility muscle strength and cardiovascular endurance.
77
What are some common TR treatments for arthritis?
Common TR treatments include aquatic therapy yoga aerobic exercise and creative arts.
78
What accommodations might be helpful for clients with arthritis?
Accommodations include prescribing orthotic devices using adaptive equipment and providing assistive technology.
79
Who are burn survivors?
Individuals who have experienced tissue damage due to heat chemicals electricity or radiation often including those in acute recovery and long-term rehabilitation.
80
What are the common effects of burn injuries on individuals?
Burn injuries can affect physical mobility emotional regulation self-image and social participation making leisure activities crucial for holistic recovery.
81
What is the annual prevalence of burn injuries in the U.S.?
Around 486000 people receive medical treatment for burns annually.
82
What are the major causes of burn injuries?
Flame (43%) scald (34%) contact electrical and chemical.
83
What are the four types of burns?
1. First-degree: Superficial (epidermis); red painful skin. 2. Second-degree: Partial thickness (epidermis and partial dermis); blistering and intense pain. 3. Third-degree: Full thickness (entire dermis); nerve damage charring numbness. 4. Fourth-degree: Damage extends to muscle/bone.
84
What criteria are used to assess burn injuries?
Total Body Surface Area (TBSA) percentage burn depth and burn location.
85
What are some common physical challenges faced by burn survivors?
Limited range of motion pain and fatigue scarring risk of infection and loss of prior roles or abilities.
86
What psychosocial challenges do burn survivors often experience?
PTSD depression anxiety body image disturbances social withdrawal and isolation.
87
What cognitive challenges may burn survivors face?
Impaired attention or memory and slowed processing.
88
What are common barriers to leisure participation for burn survivors?
PTSD fear of judgment depression physical limitations sleep disorders and accessibility issues.
89
What are some common goals of therapeutic recreation for burn survivors?
Decrease symptoms of anxiety/depression improve self-esteem and body image enhance strength and range of motion and encourage community reintegration.
90
What therapeutic modalities are used in the treatment of burn survivors?
Leisure education aquatic therapy animal therapy relaxation/stress management training expressive arts and group-based leisure activities.
91
What accommodations might burn patients need during treatment?
Changes to treatment processes for pain management cognitive challenges and emotional impacts such as patient-based schedules and temperature control.
92
What is the role of recreational therapy in the healing journey of burn survivors?
It uses leisure and community to help achieve goals in physical psychological and emotional healing.
93
What is the American Burn Association's role in burn treatment?
They provide resources and fact sheets on burn incidence and treatment in the United States.
94
What are some common psychosocial effects of burn injuries?
Psychosocial effects include PTSD depression anxiety and challenges with social interactions.
95
What are some examples of assistive technology for burn survivors?
Raised toilet seats built-up handled forks voice-to-text software and pressure garments.
96
What is Tourette Syndrome (TS)?
A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by sudden and involuntary movements and sounds called tics.
97
What age range typically shows the onset of tics in Tourette Syndrome?
Between the ages of 2 and 15 with an average onset at age 6.
98
How much more likely are males to develop Tourette Syndrome compared to females?
Males are about 3-4 times more likely to develop TS.
99
What are simple tics?
Sudden brief and repetitive tics involving a limited number of muscle groups such as eye squinting or shoulder shrugging.
100
What are complex tics?
Distinct coordinated patterns of movements involving several muscle groups such as touching objects or obscene gesturing.
101
What is the genetic component associated with Tourette Syndrome?
There is a genetic component in many cases but the exact cause is not fully understood.
102
What percentage of individuals with Tourette Syndrome are diagnosed with another condition?
Approximately 83% are diagnosed with another condition such as ADHD OCD or behavioral disorders.
103
What is the prevalence of Tourette Syndrome in the United States?
Only 0.6% to 1% of people in the United States have Tourette Syndrome.
104
What are the diagnostic criteria for Tourette Syndrome?
Must have 2 or more motor tics and at least 1 vocal tic occurring several times a day for more than a year and must change over time.
105
What are some treatment options available for Tourette Syndrome?
Treatments include Botox injections ADHD medication antidepressants and antiseizure medication.
106
What is disinhibition in the context of Tourette Syndrome?
Behaviors that may appear excessively sassy rude or disrespectful including emotional outbursts and inappropriate comments.
107
What difficulties with written language might individuals with Tourette Syndrome face?
They may experience sloppy handwriting frequent erasing and difficulty with punctuation leading to refusal to write.
108
What are common goals for therapeutic recreation specialists working with individuals with TS?
Reducing the impact of tics improving quality of life and promoting overall well-being.
109
What therapeutic modalities are used in treating Tourette Syndrome?
Behavioral therapies speech therapy occupational therapy wellness programs and relaxation training.
110
What accommodations might be made for school-aged children with Tourette Syndrome?
Separate testing locations breaks from the classroom use of a tablet access to a scribe and ability to transfer classrooms.
111
What should be considered when creating an inclusive space for individuals with Tourette Syndrome?
Having a conversation with the person about their needs and wants to help them feel welcomed and understood.
112
What is the significance of the SLITRK gene in Tourette Syndrome?
It is assumed to be involved in the mutation affecting how neurons grow and connect
113
What are the characteristics of tics in Tourette Syndrome?
Tics must change over time in location frequency type and severity and are not caused by medications or other medical conditions.
114
What types of social skill deficits might individuals with Tourette Syndrome experience?
Difficulties following social rules leading to anxiety and fear of embarrassment in social situations.
115
What is the role of therapeutic recreation specialists for individuals with TS?
To provide support in managing symptoms improving self-esteem building social skills and engaging in meaningful leisure activities.
116
Cerebral Palsy
Group of neurological disorders that affect movement muscle tone and posture due to damage to the developing brain (usually before birth) It is non-progressive (doesn't worsen over time) but symptoms can change.
117
Motor Impairment
Limitations in coordination and movement of muscle control.
118
Spasticity
Most common type of muscle stiffness in individuals with CP It causes tight or stiff muscles limiting movement.
119
Ataxia
Poor coordination and balance.
120
Chorea
Involuntary muscle movements.
121
Seizures
A secondary symptom associated with cerebral palsy.
122
Intellectual disability
A secondary symptom that can range from mild to severe.
123
Vision/Hearing impairment
A secondary symptom associated with cerebral palsy.
124
Bone structure
A secondary symptom associated with cerebral palsy.
125
Behavioral/emotional issues
A secondary symptom that can be neurological or life-related.
126
Spastic impairment
Characterized by stiff muscles.
127
Dyskinetic impairment
Characterized by slow or uncontrolled jerks.
128
Ataxic impairment
Characterized by balance and depth perception issues.
129
Mixed impairment
A combination of different types of physical impairments.
130
Possible Causes at Birth
Genetic changes or mutation brain formation issues infections in the mother.
131
Common goals of therapy
Improve physical function social interaction independence self-confidence decrease anxiety and increase community participation.
132
Aquatic Therapy
A common modality used for therapy.
133
Dance and movement
A common modality used for therapy.
134
Hippotherapy
A common modality used for therapy.
135
Adaptive Sports and Recreation
A common modality used for therapy.
136
Art and Music Therapy
A common modality used for therapy.
137
Physical Accommodations
Ramps smooth flooring adjustable tables/chairs wheelchair-accessible transportation and venues.
138
Modifications to Activities
Adapt rules for games and activities use larger or different shaped objects simplified instructions and frequent breaks.
139
Assistive Technology
Includes communication devices mobility aids adaptive switches and computer access tools.
140
What is Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?
Autism is the fastest-growing developmental disability in the United States affecting communication understanding language play and social interaction.
141
What was the percentage increase of Autism Spectrum Disorder between 2000 and 2010?
119.4 percent.
142
What is the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder in children?
Occurs in 1 in every 58 children.
143
How much more common is Autism Spectrum Disorder in boys compared to girls?
4 times more common.
144
What percentage of autism cases are believed to be caused by genetics?
About 80%.
145
What are some common signs and symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Challenges in social communication avoidant eye contact echolalia upset by minor changes obsessive interests repetitive movements and unusual reactions to sensory stimuli.
146
What does the autism spectrum scale indicate?
It ranges from high functioning to little or no language abilities.
147
What are some common co-morbid conditions associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) feeding issues gastrointestinal problems anxiety bipolar disorder and epilepsy.
148
What are common goals for therapeutic recreation specialists working with individuals with ASD?
To improve communication social academic behavioral and daily living skills.
149
What are some examples of accommodations for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Sensory breaks guided participation simplified directions and a lighter course load.
150
What assistive technologies can help individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Noise dampening headphones fidget toys and communication boards.
151
What are some recreational activities that children with ASD can participate in?
Outdoor activities like hiking and fishing sports programs cognitive games like puzzles and creative activities like music and building blocks.
152
What are some tips for interacting with individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Offer choices break down terms into simpler parts and communicate program benefits.
153
What is echolalia in the context of Autism Spectrum Disorder?
The repetition of words and phrases over and over again.
154
How can sensory sensitivities manifest in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Through unusual reactions to textures lights loud noises and other sensory stimuli.
155
What is a common gastrointestinal issue faced by individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Chronic constipation and abdominal pain.
156
What is the significance of inclusion initiatives for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder?
To enhance participation in community activities and promote disability awareness.
157
What are some characteristics of social problems in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Difficulties in interacting communicating relating to others and understanding social cues.
158
What is the role of therapeutic recreation in improving the quality of life for individuals with ASD?
To provide interventions that enhance communication social engagement and overall well-being.
159
What are some common behaviors associated with Autism Spectrum Disorder?
Repetitive body patterns difficulty with change and obsessive interests.
160
What is the impact of Autism Spectrum Disorder on leisure interests?
Children with ASD are more likely to have fewer recreation and leisure interests than their peers.
161
What is the importance of breaking down directions into smaller parts for individuals with ASD?
It helps them understand and follow instructions more effectively.
162
What is the role of internal training and facility modifications in promoting inclusion for individuals with ASD?
To ensure accessibility and enhance the success of inclusion services.
163
What are the two types of strokes?
Ischemic stroke (blocked artery) and hemorrhagic stroke (leaking or bursting blood vessel).
164
What is a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)?
A medical term for a stroke resulting in neurological impairments.
165
What are common symptoms of a stroke?
Weakness or numbness of the face arm leg dizziness confusion loss of balance/coordination trouble speaking or comprehending severe headache vision impairments.
166
How is a stroke typically diagnosed?
Through clinical assessments such as MRI CT scans
167
What are some risk factors for stroke?
Heart disease diabetes lung disease smoking hypertension obesity chronic pain hyperlipidemia depression sleep disorders.
168
What barriers do stroke patients face in achieving quality of life?
Physical limitations cognitive impairments transportation barriers loss of leisure identity communication difficulties emotional/psychological barriers financial limitations environmental inaccessibility.
169
What are common goals in therapeutic recreation for stroke patients?
Improved physical function enhanced cognitive function increased social participation improved mental well-being increased independence.
170
What modalities are used in therapeutic recreation for stroke recovery?
Neurological rehabilitation programs adaptive physical activities cognitive stimulation activities social and recreational activities assistive technology.
171
What accommodations can be made for stroke patients in therapeutic recreation?
Communication devices mobility aids sensory aids increased rest breaks simplified instructions.
172
What are some tips for interacting with stroke patients in recreation activities?
Ensure safety manage fatigue with rest breaks set individualized goals and collaborate with healthcare professionals.
173
What is a suggested activity for stroke recovery?
Group Painting Session.
174
What are the goals of the Group Painting Session activity?
Increase physical recovery enhance emotional well-being increase range of motion improve social interactions decrease anxiety and depression stimulate cognitive function increase hand-eye coordination.
175
Who are the common participants in therapeutic recreation for stroke recovery?
Stroke victims individuals with limited mobility and weakness those with speech and cognitive impairments residents of assisted living facilities and individuals sharing a passion for improving well-being.
176
What emotional aspects does the Group Painting Session aim to address?
Cognitive stimulation social interactions emotional regulation and individual creative expression.
177
What is the significance of art in stroke recovery according to the notes?
Art-based therapy can support healing for stroke survivors and caregivers.
178
What is the role of assistive technology in therapeutic recreation for stroke patients?
To facilitate participation and enhance independence in recreational activities.
179
What is the importance of collaboration in therapeutic recreation for stroke patients?
To create a coordinated approach that addresses the diverse needs of stroke survivors.
180
What are some common comorbid conditions in stroke clients?
Hypertension heart disease obesity chronic pain diabetes mellitus hyperlipidemia depression sleep disorders.
181
What are the implications of having a stroke in terms of leisure activities?
Barriers such as physical and cognitive impairments can hinder participation in leisure activities.
182
What is the impact of stroke on communication abilities?
Stroke can lead to difficulties in communication affecting social interactions and quality of life.
183
What is the relationship between stroke and emotional well-being?
Stroke can lead to increased anxiety and depression necessitating therapeutic interventions.
184
How does therapeutic recreation contribute to increased independence for stroke patients?
By improving physical and cognitive functions facilitating social participation and providing adaptive strategies.
