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Ports Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a port in network communication?

A

A virtual entry/exit point for communications used by software applications to exchange information

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2
Q

Define protocol in the context of networking.

A

A set of rules and conventions for data exchange between network devices

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3
Q

What is an IP address used for?

A

To direct data to the correct system in a network

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4
Q

What is a logical opening in a computer called?

A

Port

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5
Q

How are ports numbered?

A

From 0 to 65,535

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6
Q

What are well-known ports numbered from?

A

0 to 1,023

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7
Q

What is the range of registered ports?

A

1,024 to 49,151

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8
Q

What are ephemeral ports?

A

Temporary, short-lived ports for dynamic use, numbered from 49,152 to 65,535

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9
Q

Give examples of well-known ports.

A
  • FTP (20, 21)
  • SMTP (25)
  • HTTP (80)
  • HTTPS (443)
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10
Q

What is the role of ports in data transfer?

A

They identify specific applications or services on a computer

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11
Q

What is the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)?

A

A fundamental protocol in the Internet Protocol Suite that governs data exchange over the internet

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12
Q

What does TCP ensure during data transmission?

A
  • Reliable delivery of packets
  • Error checking
  • Data sequencing
  • Acknowledgment
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13
Q

What is the purpose of the three-way handshake in TCP?

A

To establish a connection between two systems

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14
Q

What are the three steps of the TCP three-way handshake?

A
  • SYN (Synchronize)
  • SYN-ACK (Synchronize-Acknowledgement)
  • ACK (Acknowledgement)
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15
Q

What is the User Datagram Protocol (UDP)?

A

A communication protocol used for time-sensitive transmissions on the internet

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16
Q

What is the primary advantage of UDP over TCP?

A

Lower latency and reduced processing overhead

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17
Q

What is a datagram in the context of UDP?

A

Term for data packets in UDP

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18
Q

What does ICMP stand for?

A

Internet Control Message Protocol

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19
Q

What is the purpose of ICMP?

A

To diagnose network communication issues

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20
Q

What is the function of the ping utility?

A

To test host reachability on an IP network

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21
Q

What is the default port for HTTP?

22
Q

What is the default port for HTTPS?

23
Q

What is the main difference between HTTP and HTTPS?

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A

HTTP is unencrypted while HTTPS adds encryption via SSL/TLS

24
Q

What does SMTP stand for?

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A

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

25
Which port does SMTP operate on?
Port 25 ONLY USED FOR SENDING EMAILS insecure because its sent in plain text
26
What is POP3 used for?
To retrieve emails from a remote server to a local client transmits in plain text (insecure) Port 110
27
What are the ports for IMAP and IMAPS?
IMAP operates on port 143 and IMAPS operates on port 993 Imaps- I got 99 problems and a bitch ain't one - 993
28
What is FTP?
File Transfer Protocol, the oldest protocol for file transfer ■ Lack of encryption poses security risks ■ Transmissions are sent in plain text
29
What ports does FTP use?
* Port 20 for actual data transfer * Port 21 for sending control commands (communicate with server) starts with port 21 and then 20
30
What is SFTP?
Secure File Transfer Protocol, which addresses FTP security concerns ■ Addresses FTP security concerns - Operates on port 22 – standard port for SSH connections ■ Encrypts data for secure file transmissions
31
What port does SSH operate on?
Port 22
32
What is Telnet used for?
Early remote log-in protocol operating on port 23 ● Allows remote login to another computer on the same network ● Transfers data in plain text, making it susceptible to eavesdropping and on-path attacks ● Replaced by SSH due to lack of encryption
33
What is RDP?
Remote Desktop Protocol, a proprietary protocol by Microsoft for remote connection - you can log in remotely to another Windows system to see their screen and operate it
34
What port does RDP operate on?
Port 3389 RDJ from Earth #3389
35
What is the recommended protocol for secure command-line management?
SSH ## Footnote SSH stands for Secure Shell, which provides a secure channel over an unsecured network.
36
Which protocol should be avoided due to its lack of encryption?
Telnet ## Footnote Telnet transmits data in plaintext, making it vulnerable to interception.
37
What is RDP essential for?
Secure graphical access to Windows-based systems ## Footnote RDP stands for Remote Desktop Protocol. ● Operates on port 3389
38
What does DNS stand for, and what is its primary function?
Domain Name System; translates human-friendly domain names to IP addresses ## Footnote DNS operates on port 53 (UDP by default) for queries and responses. operates with TCP and UPD (TCP for larger messages)
39
What protocol automates the assignment of IP addresses to client devices?
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) ## Footnote DHCP listens on port 67 (UDP) for client requests and responds on port 68 (UDP).
40
What port does Microsoft SQL Server operate on?
1433 protocols used by database servers for managing queries ## Footnote MySQL Server operates on port 3306.
41
What is SNMP used for?
Collecting information and configuring network devices EX:servers, printers, hubs, switches, routers ## Footnote SNMP operates on port 161 (UDP) for polling and port 162 (UDP) for unsolicited trap messages (reports messages about a device) 161 SIMPS out here
42
What is the purpose of Syslog?
Standard for message logging allowing devices to send event messages across IP networks ## Footnote Syslog operates on port 514 and uses UDP by default.
43
What does NTP stand for, and what is its function?
Network Time Protocol; synchronizes clocks of computers over a network ## Footnote NTP operates over port 123 using UDP.
44
What is SIP used for?
Initiates, maintains, and terminates real-time sessions for voice, video, and messaging ## Footnote SIP commonly operates over port 5060 (UDP and TCP) and port 5061 (TCP with TLS for encrypted signaling).
45
What does LDAP stand for, and what is its primary use?
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol; accesses and maintains distributed directory information services ■ Used to look up personal information in email programs - transmits in plain text (insecure) ## Footnote LDAP communicates over port 389 (insecure) and port 636 (secure with SSL or TLS).
46
SMTPS is what?
Simple mail transport protocol secure Port 465 & Port 587
47
POP3S
Secure version of POP3 Port 995
48
IMAP does what better than POP3?
offers more flexibility than POP3 can access your messages across multiple devices - Developed for always on internet age we live in for people who access their email across multiple devices (laptop, tbalet, smartphone, etc.)
49
TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol)
■ Basic version of FTP that lacks authentication and directory browsing ■ Operates on port 69 ■ Designed for sending files when minimal security is sufficient Ex: booting up diskless work station, VOIP phone on somene's desk
50
SMB - Server Message Block
■ A network file sharing protocol that allows applications to read and write to files and request services from the server programs ■ Operates on port 445 ■ Windows file sharing ■ Samba ● A cross-platform version of SMB that exists on Linux systems ■ Almost exclusively used inside of LANs and it is not a protocol to send data across the Internet
51
SSH facts
● Protocol for secure remote login and network services over an unsecure network ● Operates on port 22 ● Provides a secure channel, strong authentication, and encrypted data communication ● Used by network administrators for remote control of web and server applications
52
What is the purpose of SSH
Creating a secure and encrypted tunnel that can operate text based commands froma remote server

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