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Positioning Flashcards

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1
Q

PA Finger

A

Centering - perp. to PIP (proximal interphalangeal) of affected digit

Collimation - distal phalanx to distal half of MCP & 1 inch transversely.

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2
Q

PA Oblique Finger

A

Externally rotate hand (D3-D5) or Internal rotation (D2-D3) 45 degrees

Centering - perp. to PIP joint of affected digit

Collimation - include distal phalanx to distal half of MCP & 1 inch transversely.

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3
Q

Lateral Finger

A

Hand in fist, with affected finger extended
D3-D5 medial on IR
D2-D# lateral on IR

Centering - perp. to PIP joint of affected digit

Collimation - include distal phalanx and distal half of MCP & 1 inch transversely

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4
Q

AP/PA Thumb

A

AP - pt. hand in extreme internal rotation, rest thumb on IR
PA - place hand in lateral position & rest elevated/abducted thumb on radiolucent support

Centering - perp. to MCP joint

Collimation - include distal phalanx to CM joint & 1 inch transversely

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5
Q

PA Oblique Thumb

A

hand flat, placing thumb at 45 degree angle to IR. Abduct thumb and ulnar deviate wrist slightly

Centering - perp. to MCP joint

Collimation - include distal phalanx to CM joint. Include trapezium/snuff box

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6
Q

Lateral Thumb

A

extend thumb and flex hand/fingers until thumb naturally rolls into lateral projection. Thumbnail in profile

Centering - perp. to MCP joint

Collimation - include distal phalanx to CM joint & 1 inch transversely

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7
Q

PA Hand

A

Center - perp. to third MCP joint

Collimation - distal phalanges and 1 inch of distal forearm & 1 inch of first and fifth digits

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8
Q

PA Oblique Hand

A

Externally rotate hand 45 degrees

Centering - perp. to third MCP joint

Collimation - distal phalanges and 1 inch of distal forearm

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9
Q

Lateral Hand

A

medial aspect of hand on the IR, fan second and third fingers ant. and fourth and fifth post.

Centering - perp. to second MCP joint

Collimation - tips of fingers to distal radius and ulna

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10
Q

PA Wrist

A

flex elbows 90 degrees, humerus/wrist/forearm in same plane, hand in fist

Centering - perp. to midcarpal area

Collimation - half of MC’s and 2.5 inches proximal to wrist joint & 1 inch transversely

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11
Q

PA Oblique Wrist

A

flex elbow 90 degrees, all in same plane, rotate wrist 45 degrees externally

Centering - perp. to midcarpal area: enter just distal to radius

Collimation - half of MC’s and 2.5 inches proximal to wrist joint

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12
Q

Lateral Wrist

A

flex elbow, all in same plane, externally rotate wrist to rest medial side on IR. Radial and ulnar styloid SI

Centering - perp. to wrist joint

Collimation - half of MC’s and 2.5 inches proximal to wrist joint

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13
Q

PA scaphoid with ulnar deviation

A

position for PA wrist
turn hand outwards until wrist is in extreme ulnar deviation until 1st MC and radius are aligned

Centering - perp. to scaphoid

Collimation - 1-4th MC bases and distal radius

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14
Q

PA axial scaphoid with ulnar deviation

A

One end of IR on sponge/support elevated 20 degrees
Position for wrist & ulnar deviate wrist

Centering - perp. to table & directed to enter scaphoid (sponge method)
CR angle centering - 20 degrees twd the elbow, entering scaphoid

Collimation - 1-4th MC bases and distal radius

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15
Q

AP Forearm

A

supine, extend elbow
wrist & elbow joint included on IR

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16
Q

Lateral Forearm

A

elbow 90 degrees, medial aspect of forearm on IR, all in same plane
Externally rotate until wrist in lateral & humeral epicondyles perp to IR

Centering - perp. to mid of forearm

Collimation - 2 inches distal to wrist joint & 2 inches proximal to elbow joint

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17
Q

AP Elbow

A

all in same plane
Lean laterally slightly to align humeral epicondyles parallel with IR
Externally rotate wrist into AP

Centering - perp. to elbow joint (.75 inches distal to medial epicondyle

Collimation - 3 inches proximal and distal to elbow joint

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18
Q

AP Oblique Medial Rotation

A

all same plane

Internally rotate arm until humeral epicondyles 45 degrees

Centering - perp. to elbow joint (0.75 inch distal to medial epicondyle)

Collimation - 3 inches proximal and distal to elbow joint

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18
Q

AP Oblique Lateral Rotation

A

all same plane

Externally rotate arm until humeral epicondyles 45 degrees

Centering - perp. to elbow joint (0.75 inch distal to medial epicondyle)

Collimation - 3 inches proximal and distal to elbow joint

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19
Q

Lateral Elbow

A

all in same plane, elbow 90 degrees
Medial side on elbow
Humeral epicondyles perp. to IR
Externally rotate wrist & hand into lateral

Centering - perp. to elbow joint

Collimation - 3 inches proximal and distal to elbow joint

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20
Q

AP Toes

A

flex knee, foot flat on IR

Centering - perp. through 3rd MTP joint
- if joint spaces are of interest = 10-15 degree proximal angle

Collimation - include toes and distal half of MT’s

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21
Q

AP Oblique Toes

A

D1-D3 - medially rotate foot 30-45 degrees
D4-D5 - laterally rotate foot 30-45 degrees

Centering - perp. to enter IP/PIP joint of digit of interest

Collimation - include toe and distal half of MT

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22
Q

Lateral Toes

A

D1-D3 - medial side of foot on IR
D4-D5 - lateral side of foot on IR
Draw unaff. toes posteriorly away

Centering - perp. to enter IP/PIP joint of digit of interest

Collimation - include toe and distal half of MT

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23
Q

AP Foot

A

foot placed on IR (flex knee), equal pressure across plantar surface

Centering - 10 degrees cephalad angle twd heel, entering base of third MT

Collimation - 1 inch on all side and 1 inch post. to calcaneus

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24
AP Oblique Foot
Medially tilt proximal lower leg and rotate foot until plantar surface is 30-60 degree angle Centering - perp. to base of third MT Collimation - 1 inch on all sides & post. to calcaneus
25
Lateral Foot
mediolateral place pt. on affected side dorsiflex foot; the medial and lateral surface of the foot parallel with plane of IR Centering - perp. to base of third MT Collimation - 1 inch on all sides of shadow & 1 inch proximal to medial malleolus
26
AP Ankle
dorsiflex foot, place foot in vertical position Centering - perp. through ankle joint midway btwn malleoli & at level of medial malleoli Collimation - 1 inch on sides & include 3-4inches above ankle joint
27
AP Oblique Ankle
dorsiflex foot Internally rotate leg and ankle 15-20 degrees until intermalleolar plane is parallel with IR Centering - perp. through ankle joint midway btwn malleoli & at level of medial malleoli Collimation - 1 inch on all sides and 3-4 inches above ankle joint
28
Lateral Ankle
dorsiflex foot Centering - perp. to ankle joint, entering medial malleolus Collimation - transversely to include navicular, cuboid, 5th MT base, 1 inch beyond heel shadow. Include distal tib/fib
29
AP Tib/Fib
place IR diagonally femoral condyles parallel with IR, foot vertical. Place in slight 7-10 internal rotation Centering - perp. to center of leg Collimation - 1.5 inches beyond ankle and knee joint
30
Lateral Tib/Fib
patient twd affected side, patella perp. to IR flex knee to ensure true lateral Centering - perp. to midpoint of leg Collimation - 1.5 inches beyond ankle and knee joint
31
AP Knee
femoral epicondyles parallel to IR Centering - 0.5 inch inferior to patellar apex Collimation - 10 inches lw
32
AP Internal Oblique
Internally rotate 45 degrees Centering - 0.5 inch inferior to patellar apex Collimation - 10 inches lw
33
AP External Oblique
Externally rotate 45 degrees Centering - 0.5 inch inferior to patellar apex Collimation - 10 inches lw
34
Lateral Knee
mediolateral flex affected knee 20-30 degrees epicondyles perp. to IR Patella perp. to IR Centering - 5-7 degrees cephalad directed to knee joint 1 inch distal to medial epicondyle Collimation - 10 inches lw
35
AP Distal Femur
Internally rotate until epicondyles parallel with IR Place lower edge of IR 2 inches below knee joint Centering - perp. to mid femur Collimation -
36
AP Proximal Femur
Rotate hip internally 10-15 degrees Place upper edge of IR at level of aff. ASIS Centering - perp. to mid femur Collimation -
37
Lateral Distal Femur
Flex aff. knee 45 degrees Lower edge of IR 2 inches below knee joint Centering - perp. to mid femur Collimation -
38
Lateral Proximal Femur
pt in recumbent AP oblique, affected side closest to IR Externally rotate leg and rotate pelvis 10-15 degrees twd. affected femur Upper edge of IR at level of ASIS Centering - perp. to mid femur Collimation -
39
AP Hip
Internally rotate leg 15-20 degrees so femoral neck in profile Centering - perp. to femoral neck Place CR 2.5 inches distal to line drawn perp. to ASIS and pubic symph. Collimation - lw top of light at ASIS & cw medial border of light at MSP Respiration - Suspend
40
AP Frog Leg (Cleaves Method)
supine, flex aff. knee until femur angled 60-70 degrees, abduct thigh laterally 45 degrees Centering - perp. to femoral neck Collimation - lw top of light at ASIS & cw medial border of light at MSP Respiration - Suspend
41
Lateral Lauenstein Hip
rotate pt. towards affected side slightly, flex affected knee and draw thigh up to nearly right angle to hip bone keep body of affected femur parallel to table Centering - perp. through hip joint (btwn ASIS and pubic symph.) Collimation - lw top of light at ASIS & cw medial border at MSP) Respiration - Suspend
42
AP Pelvis
Internally rotate feet 15-20 degrees Centering - 2 inches inferior to ASIS Collimation - Top of light 1-1.5 inches above crests & include 5 inches below symph. Respiration - Suspend
43
AP Humerus
abduct arm slightly, supinate hand externally rotate arm so humeral epicondyles parallel with IR Centering - perp. to midpoint of humerus Collimation - lw 1 inch beyond elbow and shoulder joints
44
Lateral Humerus (PA)
abduct arm slightly, humerus on IR, flex elbow and supinate hand Internally rotate arm until humeral epicondyles perp. Centering - perp. to midpoint of humerus Collimation - 1 inch beyond elbow and shoulder joints
45
AP Shoulder
externally rotate arm so humeral epicondyles parallel with IR Centering - perp. to 1 inch inferior to coracoid process Collimation - lw 1.5 inch above shoulder to scapular inferior angle. & cw 1 inch beyond lateral aspect of shoulder to clavicle sternal end. Respiration - Suspend
46
AP Oblique Shoulder (Glenoid)
rotate torso twd affected shoulder 35-45 degrees place hand in internal rotation Centering - 2 inches medial & 2 inches inferior to superolateral border of shoulder Collimation - lw 1.5 inches above shoulder and proximal 1/3 of humerus & cw 1 inch beyond lateral aspect of shoulder and lateral half of clavicle Respiration - Suspend
47
PA Oblique Shoulder (Scapular Y)
rotate torso twd affected shoulder 45 degrees ensure line through medial border of scapula and acromial tip is perp. to IR Centering - perp. to scapulohumeral joint Collimation - lw include acromion process and inferior scapular angles Respiration - Suspend
48
AP Upper Ribs
Centering - level of T7 (halfway btwn jugular notch and xiphoid) (inferior angle) Collimation - 1 1/2 inches above upper border of shoulder, not include below iliac crest & cw to vertebral column and lateral skin line Respiration - inspiration (to depress diaphragm)
49
AP Lower Ribs
Centering - level of T10 (xiphoid) Collimation - lower border of IR near level of iliac crests & cw to vertebral column and lateral skin line Respiration - expiration (to elevate diaphragm)
50
AP Oblique Upper Ribs
45 degrees RPO or LPO, affected side closest to IR Centering - level of T7 (inferior angle) Collimation - top of IR 1 1/2 inches above shoulder. Light should not include below iliac crests & cw to vertebral column and lateral skin line Respiration - inspiration
51
AP Oblique Lower Rib
45 degrees RPO or LPO affected side closest to IR Centering - level of T10 (xiphoid) Collimation - lower edge of IR at level of iliac crests Respiration - expiration
52
AP Clavicle
Centering - perp. to midshaft of clavicle Collimation - 1.5 inches above shoulder & 1 inch beyond lateral shoulder and beyond medial clavicle end Respiration - expiration
53
AP Axial Clavicle
Centering - 15-30 degrees cephalad to enter midshaft of clavicle Collimation - 1.5 inches above shoulder & 1 inch beyond lateral shoulder and beyond medial clavicle end Respiration - inspiration (to elevate and angle clavicle further)
54
PA Chest
180 cm / 72 inch SID elevate chin, roll shoulders fwd (scapula off lung field) Centering - level of T7 (inferior scapular angle) Collimation - 1.5-2 inches above shoulders Respiration - inspiration (2)
55
Lateral Chest
180 cm / 72 inches left lateral, arms raised Centering - level of T8 Collimation - 1-2 inches above shoulders Respiration - inspiration (2)
56
AP Upright Abdomen
Centering - 2 inches above iliac crests to include diaphragm Collimation - full lw length Respiration - expiration
57
AP Supine Abdomen
Centering - perp. to iliac crests for female and 1 inch inferior for male Collimation - bottom of light at greater troch to include pubic symph. Respiration - expiration
58
AP KUB Supine
Centering - perp. to iliac crests Collimation - top of IR at xiphoid to include kidneys. Do not need to include symph. Respiration - expiration
59
AP Axial Bladder
Centering - 10-15 caudad angle, entering 2 inches above pubic symph Collimation - lw to just below ASIS to pubic symph/greater troch & cw to ASIS on each side Respiration - expiration
60
Lateral C Spine
180 cm / 72 inch SID Left Lateral Centering - C4 (halfway btwn EAM and jugular notch) Collimation - lw 1 inch superior to EAM and 1-2 inches past C7 & cw 1-2 inches anterior to EAM and 1 inch posterior to soft tissue of neck Respiration - expiration
61
Swimmers C/T
Left Lateral, raise arm closest to IR. Centering - directed to C7-T1 (1 inch above jugular notch/level of vertebral prominent). & angle 3-5 caudad if shoulder immobile Collimation - lw just inferior to patient's mandibular angle Respiration - suspend or breathing technique
62
C spine AP open Mouth
Align occlusal plane perp. to IR Open mouth as wide as possible Centering - entering midpoint of open mouth Collimation - lw EAM to chin & cw to include mandibular rami Respiration - open mouth and phonate soft "ah"
63
C Spine AP Axial
Extend chin so occlusal plane perp. Centering - 15-20 cephalad directed through C4 (thyroid) Collimation - lw EAM to jugular notch & cw within 1 inch of skin line Respiration - Suspend
64
AP T Spine
flex knees (not as important as L) Centering - T7 (halfway btwn jugular and xiphoid) (inferior scapular angle) Collimation - top of IR 1.5-2 inches above shoulders. lw 17 inches & cw 8 inches Respiration - expiration
65
Lateral T Spine
Left Lateral Centering - T7 (inferior scapular angle) entering posterior half of thorax Collimation - lw 17, cw 8 Respiration - Expiration
66
AP Lumbar Spine
Flex knees Centering - 1-1.5 inches above iliac crests Collimation - lw 14, cw 8 (medial to ASIS) Respiration - expiration
67
Lateral Lumbar Spine
Left lateral (or right) Centering - 1.5 above iliac crests, entering coronal plane Collimation - lw 14, cw 8 Respiration - expiration
68
Lateral L5-S1
Left lateral (or right) Centering - 2 inches posterior to ASIS and 1.5 inches inferior to iliac crests If spine not horizontal - angle 5 (male) or 8 (female) caudad Collimation - 1 inch superior to iliac crest Respiration - suspend
69
AP Axial Sacrum
Centering - 15 degrees cephalad, 2 inches superior to symph Collimation - lw to include pubic symph, cw medial to ASIS Respiration - suspend
70
Lateral Sacrum
Left lateral (or right) Centering - 3-4 inches posterior to ASIS Collimation - lw crest to coccyx, cw 8 inches Respiration - suspend
71
AP Axial Coccyx
Centering - 10 degrees caudad at 2 inches superior to symph Collimation - include symph, cw 6 inches Respiration - suspend
72
Lateral Coccyx
Left lateral (or right) Centering - 3.5 inches posterior and 2 inches inferior to ASIS Collimation - 4 inch field Respiration - suspend
73
Cranial - PA Axial Caldwell
OML perp. - nose and forehead on IR Centering - 15 caudad, exit nasion Collimation - 1 inch skin line Respiration - suspend
74
Cranial - AP Axial Townes
OML perp., tuck chin Centering - 30 caudad (or 37 if IOML perp.) entering 2.5 inches above glabella Collimation - 1 inch of skin line Respiration - suspend
75
Cranial - Lateral
Affected side against IR IPL perp, IOML aligned Centering - 2 inches superior to EAM Collimation - 1 inch of skin line Respiration - suspend
76
Facial - PA Axial Caldwell
OML perp, nose and forehead on IR Centering - 15 degree caudal exiting nasion Collimation - 1 inch of sinuses Respiration - suspend
77
Facial - Parietoacanthial Waters
chin elevation so MML perp. (puts OML at 37 degrees) chin on IR Centering - perp. to exit acanthion Collimation - 1 inch of orbits and zygomatic arches Respiration - suspend
78
Facial - Lateral
Affected side at IR IPL perp. Centering - on zygomatic bone halfway btwn outer canthus and EAM Collimation - lw mandible and frontal sinuses, cw 1 inch anterior skin line Respiration - Suspend
79
Sinuses - PA Axial Caldwell
OML 15 degree angle (only nose on IR) Centering - perp. to exit nasion Collimation - 1 inch of sinuses Respiration - suspend
80
Sinuses - Parietoacanthial Waters
Chin elevate so MML perp. (makes OML 37 degrees) Centering - perp. to exit acanthion Collimation - 1 inch of orbits and zygomatic arches Respiration - suspend
81
Sinuses - Open Mouth Waters
chin elevated so MML perp., chin on IR after MML aligned, open mouth by dropping jaw Centering - perp. to exit acanthion Collimation - 1 inch of orbits and zygomatic arches Respiration - suspend
82
Sinuses - Lateral
Affected side on IR IPL perp. Centering - 0.5-1 inch posterior to outer canthus Collimation - lw maxilla to frontal sinus & cw 1 inch anterior Respiration - suspend
83
Nasal Bones - Parietoacanthial Waters
chin elevation so MML perp. (OML at 37 degrees), chin on IR Centering - perp. to exit acanthion Collimation - lw to frontal sinuses, and cw to mid orbits Respiration - suspend
84
Nasal Bones - Lateral
REMOVE GRID affected side on IR IPL perp. to IR Centering - 0.5 inch inferior to nasion Collimation - lw to frontal sinuses and cw within 1 inch of nose Respiration - suspend
85
Orbits - PA Axial
MSP and OML perp. to IR forehead and nose on IR Centering - 30 caudad through orbits Collimation - 1 inch beyond all sides of orbits Respiration - suspend
86
Orbits - Lateral
Affected eye at IR IPL perp, IOML aligned Centering - perp. through outer canthus Collimation - 1 inch beyond all sides of orbits Respiration - suspend
87
calcaneus (image critique powerpoints)
88

Clinical (6 decks)

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