positions Flashcards
1
Q
cd
A
caudal
2
Q
CdCr
A
Caudocranial
3
Q
CR
A
cranial
4
Q
CrCd
A
CranioCaudal
5
Q
Di
A
Distal
6
Q
D
A
Dorsal
7
Q
DPa
A
DorsoPalmar
8
Q
DPl
A
Dorsoplantar
9
Q
L
A
Lateral
10
Q
LaM
A
LateroMedial
11
Q
M
A
Medial
12
Q
O
A
Oblique
13
Q
Pa
A
Palmar
14
Q
PaD
A
Palmarodorsal
15
Q
Pl
A
Plantar
16
Q
PlD
A
Plantarodorsal
17
Q
Pr
A
Proximal
18
Q
R
A
Rostral
19
Q
V
A
Ventral
20
Q
The veterinarian requests that you image a beagle for routine thoracic radiographs before surgery. For proper diagnosis your image should have a:
A
a. Long scale of contrast, meaning higher kVp and lower mAs
21
Q
The veterinarian requires thoracic radiographs of a beagle, which should be measured at the thickest part, or the:
A
d. Caudal border of the scapula
22
Q
A cat is lying on its abdomen with its limbs extended. The view of the tarsus in this position would be called:
A
Plantarodorsal (PlD)
23
Q
Sandbags are considered:
A
Radiopaque and should not be in the field of view
24
Q
It is important to collimate the beam as much as possible so that there is less:
A
Secondary exposure to the patient and restrainer
25
An image of the radius/ulna of a dachshund has been collimated to include the humerus and metacarpus. This is:
Incorrect, as it should be collimated to include from the elbow to the carpus
26
You are going to divide an image receptor for a feline skull. You should:
Have the nose in each view pointing in the same direction
27
You are radiographing a right craniocaudal humerus of a standard poodle. The “R” marker is best placed:
Along the lateral side of the humerus
28
You can be farther from the beam when the image is exposed if you:
Utilize positioning aids whenever possible
29
You are to radiograph the full abdomen of a sedated Doberman. The thickest part measures 20 cm. You are best to radiograph the:
Cranial aspect and then remeasure and radiograph the caudal aspect
30
When placing an image of an extremity on the illuminator for the veterinarian to read, you should position it so that the digits are pointing:
Downward
31
The veterinarian required a follow-up radiograph of the abdomen of a patient. The technique chart was correctly followed, but your image was darker than the one taken by your colleague a month ago. This could be because:
You measured while the patient was standing
32
The veterinarian requests a right lateral of the thorax of a Pomeranian. The patient will be tranquilized and:
Lying on its right side
33
The collimation for this Pomeranian patient in Question 11 will extend to the:
Diaphragm and shoulder joint, as the full thorax should be included
34
You are to radiograph a lateral abdomen of a well-behaved golden retriever. To keep your patient in position so you can move away from the beam, you should place:
Sandbags over the head/neck, pelvis, and limbs
35
A dorsolateral-palmaromedial oblique (D60°L-PaMO) of an equine right carpus means that the beam is entering the right limb at 60 degrees from the:
Front and lateral side of the limb
36
The (D60°L-PaMO) of an equine right carpus in Question 14 means that the image receptor is against the:
Palmar and medial side of the limb
37
The normal radiographic views of the abdomen are generally the:
Right lateral and ventrodorsal
38
Abdominal radiographs are best taken at:
Maximum expiration
39
For positioning of a deep-chested dog, the head of the dog should be toward the:
Cathode
40
How should the hind limbs be positioned for a regular right lateral abdomen view?
Both limbs should be pulled slightly caudally and superimposed.
41
To ensure that there is symmetry in your final ventrodorsal radiograph of the abdomen:
The sternum and spine are superimposed
42
When measuring and centering for a ventrodorsal canine abdomen, you should:
Measure and center over the caudal aspect of the 13th rib
43
You have collimated for this VD radiograph 1 inch cranial to the xiphoid of the sternum and have included the coxofemoral joints. This is:
Correct because the VD should include these peripheral borders
44
You are ready to take the image and are breathing with your patient so that you will properly depress the exposure button during this VD canine abdomen at:
The end of expiration
45
The veterinarian had asked you to apply gentle pressure in this VD abdomen with a wooden paddle to isolate what she suspects might be a tumor. You do so and find the radiograph is darker with less contrast than your original one without any applied pressure. This is because you used:
The same setting for both images
46
The veterinarian asks you to image a beagle in which he suspects peritonitis. You do have an adjustable tube head unit. In order to properly evaluate whether there is fluid in the abdomen, you should place your patient in:
Right lateral recumbency and utilize a horizontal beam
47
The veterinarian wants you to take a modified lateral of a golden retriever. The hind limbs should be:
Pulled as cranially as possible without causing rotation of the body off the table
48
The settings for your 12-cm abdomen of a bulldog that will not be sedated are 60 kV and 10 mAs. You are best to use:
400 mA and 1/40 of a second
49
In a right lateral view as opposed to a left lateral abdomen:
There is greater longitudinal separation of the kidneys
50
The veterinarian asks you to complete a ventrodorsal view with a horizontal beam. If the patient is lying on its right side, this view is properly termed:
Right decubitus
51
The veterinarian asks you to complete a series of abdominal radiographs. You inadvertently left the markers off. The image in front of you shows the duodenum, pyloric antrum, and distal body of the stomach filled with gas and the axis of the stomach appearing vertical. This view is likely a:
Left lateral
52
The peripheral borders for the beagle thoracic radiograph are the:
Shoulder joint to just past the 13th rib
53
You will expose the thoracic radiographs for the beagle:
At maximum inspiration
54
You check that you have taken proper inspiration images for this beagle. On the image, the heart in either lateral or DV taken during inspiration will appear:
Smaller. The vessels are more elongated, and there is increased distance from the apex of the heart to the diaphragm.
55
To minimize rotation when positioning for the lateral for this beagle, you should:
Place foam pads between the limbs if needed and to elevate the sternum
56
When positioning for the lateral view, you want to ensure that the front limbs are pulled as far:
Cranially as possible without rotating the thorax
57
You forgot to include a marker, but you know that you did provide the right lateral image of this beagle because on the image you note that:
The heart is more conical
58
You are confident that you are presenting the veterinarian with well-positioned DV radiographs of this beagle because on the image you see:
The sternum and spine are superimposed
59
A routine VD is required on a feline patient. It is generally best to pull the front limbs:
Cranially and have the nose parallel to the table equidistant between the front legs
60
The veterinarian suspects a lesion in the right lung of a poodle. She would like you to complete both laterals, but the most important one in this case is the:
Left lateral
61
The veterinarian would like you to complete a DV decubitus view on a springer spaniel, as fluid is suspected. This means that the patient should be in:
Ventral recumbency with a horizontal beam
62
In the DV decubitus view of the springer spaniel with fluid, the original exposure factors were 72 kV and 10 mAs. You are best to:
Increase the kV to 80 and keep the mAs at 10
63
Pneumonia is suspected in a retriever. The recommended views are:
Both laterals and a ventrodorsal
64
The mediastinum contains the:
Heart, trachea, esophagus, aorta and major branches, thoracic duct, lymph nodes, and nerves
65
A lateral radius/ulna radiograph of a Doberman is required. The marker should be placed at the:
Cranial radius/ulna
66
You are to radiograph the lateral shoulder joint of a feline patient. The field of view should include the:
Proximal third of the scapula through the proximal third of the humerus
67
The veterinarian requests that you complete images for the shoulder joint of a 6-month-old Great Dane who is limping on its right side, which worsens after exercise. He suspects osteochondrosis and wishes a lateral radiograph to confirm. It is best to complete the position so that:
The shoulder joint is not superimposed over the trachea
68
The caudocranial scapula radiograph of an Akita is best taken with the patient lying in:
Dorsal recumbency
69
What is the primary disadvantage of the CrCd view of the humerus versus the CdCr view?
Increased object-film distance can cause magnification.
70
For routine radiography of a Bichon Frise, the best views of the elbow are the lateral and the:
Craniocaudal
71
To ensure proper symmetry for the elbow view of the Bichon Frise selected in the previous question, it is suggested to:
Slightly raise the opposite limb
72
The best view for evaluation of the ulnar anconeal process of a Bernese Mountain dog is a(an):
Flexed mediolateral view of the elbow
73
The peripheral borders to evaluate the ulnar anconeal process of the Bernese Mountain dog elbow would be:
Proximal third of the radius/ulna and distal third of the humerus
74
It is important when radiographing either a lateral shoulder or humerus of a Boxer to:
Raise the head and neck dorsally, and pull the affected limb cranially
75
You would measure a craniocaudal view of the radius and ulna of a Retriever at the:
Distal humerus
76
The veterinarian requires an orthogonal view of the right humerus of a Retriever who has a severe fracture with some thoracic pathology. In this case you are probably best to consider a radiograph of the:
Left lateral decubitus view with a horizontal beam
77
The patient in the previous question requiring the orthogonal view of the humerus should be positioned:
With the right limb uppermost on a large sponge
78
Fractured toes are suspected in a German Shepherd. For a medial oblique view you should center on the:
Dorsolateral aspect and place the medial toes against the image receptor
79
For the medial oblique of the view in the previous question, you should include:
From the carpus to the distal digits
80
To prevent superimposition of the scapula and ribs in the caudocranial scapula of a Borzoi:
Rotate the patient's sternum from the scapula about 10 to 12 degrees
81
You are positioning for a right lateral pelvis of a Belgian Sheepdog. The femur that will be more magnified on the image is:
The left, because of increased object-film distance
82
When positioning for this right lateral pelvis of the Belgian Sheepdog, you should position the hind limbs so that:
The right limb is pulled slightly cranially and the left slightly caudally
83
A Poodle is exhibiting severe pain and trauma in the pelvis. Using a vertical beam, you should position so that your patient is in:
Dorsal recumbency with the hind limbs in a frog-leg position
84
Center the VD frog-leg view of the Poodle:
Midline at the caudal pubis
85
The hind limbs of this VD frog-leg view of the Poodle should be:
Left in a natural position
86
When positioning for a VD extended-leg pelvic radiograph in a German Shepherd, it is best to place the stifles:
Toward the anode
87
The right marker for this VD extended-leg pelvis will be placed beside the:
Wing of the right ilium
88
The OFA label requirements for evaluation of hip dysplasia must include:
All required identification to be permanent
89
The field of view for this VD extended-leg pelvis will be from the:
Tip of the ilia to the distal patella
90
The obturator foramina on this radiograph are not of equal size. This means that for the next radiograph, you should raise the side of the pelvis with the:
Narrower obturator foramen
91
You also notice on this VD extended-leg radiograph of the German Shepherd that the right femur appears shorter than the left. This is because the:
Right limb is slightly raised and not parallel to the table
92
The main principle of PennHIP is to:
Quantitatively measure canine hip joint laxity
93
A horizontal beam is being used for the proximodistal patella of a Retriever. The patient should be placed in:
Lateral recumbency with the affected limb uppermost
94
The field of view for the stifle joint of a feline is the:
Proximal third of the tibia to the distal third of the femur
95
Measurement for the tibia and fibula of a cat should be taken at the:
Center of the tibia/fibula
96
In a plantarodorsal view of the right tarsus of an Irish Terrier, the patient is routinely placed in:
Ventral recumbency
97
A Rottweiler requires a lateral survey radiograph of the skull. You should measure at the highest point of the:
Zygomatic arch at the center of the cranium
98
In the lateral survey of the Rottweiler, peripheral borders are:
From the tip of the nose to the occipital protuberance
99
You are also completing a survey dorsoventral radiograph of the Rottweiler. The central ray will be:
On the dorsal midline between the lateral canthi on the sagittal crest
100
In the survey dorsoventral radiograph of the Rottweiler, there will likely be:
Overexposure of the nasal passages
101
How can you determine whether there is likely to be symmetry on the final image of this dorsoventral skull of the Rottweiler?
An imaginary line drawn between the medial canthi should be parallel to the table.
102
A Collie is to be imaged for frontal sinus view, and the veterinarian wishes a rostrocaudal position. This means that the patient is lying in:
Ventral recumbency and the head is parallel to the table
103
The x-ray beam for the frontal view of the sinus in the Collie will be positioned:
Midway between the eyes so the cranium is centered
104
The veterinarian also requires a ventrodorsal open-mouth view of the nasal sinuses for the Collie. This is correctly referred to as:
Rostroventral-caudodorsal oblique view
105
To position the VD open-mouth of the nasal sinuses of the Collie:
The mouth is opened wide and the x-ray tube tilted about 20 to 30 degrees in a rostrocaudal direction inside the mouth
106
The veterinarian would also like a foramen magnum view of the Collie. The patient is lying in dorsal recumbency and the nose is:
. Pointed upward and pulled caudally 20 to 30 degrees
107
A complete evaluation of the tympanic bullae for a Boxer includes a lateral, DV/VD, and:
Open-mouth rostrocaudal and two lateral oblique views
108
A LeD-RtVO radiograph is required for the tympanic bullae of the Boxer. This means that the patient is lying on its:
Right side with the jaw pointing down
109
For this LeD-RtVO radiograph, the left marker should be placed:
Ventrally and the right marker dorsally
110
The borders for the LeD-RtVO radiograph should include:
Cranial and caudal to the ear
111
The veterinarian requires a rostrocaudal view of a feline patient. Unlike in positioning for a normal canine skull, the mouth should be:
Closed with the hard palate at 10° from the vertical
