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History - Tudors > Positive and Negative impacts of Economic Change > Flashcards

Positive and Negative impacts of Economic Change Flashcards

1
Q

What did the increased profitability of sheep farming bring about?

A

The increased demand for wool. (P)

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2
Q

What legislation did H7 pass in 1489?

A

A legislation against enclosure which stopped the waste of structures and farmland that led to lower tax revenues. (P)

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3
Q

What was the economy dependent on?

A

Agriculture (P+N)

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4
Q

What happened to the peasantry as a result of the enclosure?

A

They lost access to their land and common rights. (N)

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5
Q

What did enclosure lead to?

A

It led to evictions and vagabondage (people left without land or employment) (N)

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6
Q

What did enclosure create in the first half of the 16th century?

A

Moral outcry and political pressure. (N)

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7
Q

What did nobles do in order to gain from enclosure?

A

Hide the fact it was happening from the authorities. (N)

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8
Q

What happened to the income from arable farming?

A

It declined.

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9
Q

What did coinage represent?

A

It represented the first step in the transition from medieval to modern currency. (P)

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10
Q

Where was the first coinage minted?

A

London, Canterbury, Durham and York

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11
Q

Who introduced the sovereign coinage?

A

Henry introduced it and it was regarded as marking the division between coins of Middle Ages and the Renaissance. (P)

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12
Q

What was coinage made from?

A

Pure gold.

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13
Q

What was the result of a storm in 1506?

A

The Duke of Burgundy (Philip) was forced to take refuge in the English port as a result of a storm. This meant that Philip was forced to agree to the Intercursus Malus which established new trade between England and the Netherlands. (P)

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14
Q

What did the Merchant Adventurers export?

A

They exported the increased proportion of finished cloth. (P)

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15
Q

Which city did the Merchant Adventurers establish a commercial link with?

A

Antwerp and from here, English cloth was transported all over the world. H7 greatly encouraged this. (P)

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16
Q

What did the exploits of pretenders to the throne and changing relations of foreign problems impose on trade?

A

It meant that the trade had suffered due to countries like Scotland and France harbouring pretenders. (N)

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17
Q

What did Henry issue against the Netherlands in 1493 as a result of Perkin Warbeck?

A

A trade embargo and also ordered English merchants to move to Calais as they could not directly trade with the Netherlands. However, this trade embargo didn’t benefit anyone. (N)

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18
Q

Who died after the trade embargo was signed?

A

Philip of Burgundy. As a result of his death, the Intercursus Malus was adopted again.

19
Q

What did this trade embargo show?

A

It showed that H7 put his dynastic interests before trade interests.

20
Q

Who were the Hanseatic League?

A

An organisation of German merchants who managed to secure special trading privileges in Germany, Scandinavia and Russia. A majority of England’s trade was conducted through this league.

21
Q

What did England trade with the Hanse merchants?

A

Wool, cloth, tin and coal in exchange for fish, fur and soft woods. (P)

22
Q

Why did the Hanseatic League have a privileged position in England?

A

Due to customs duties. (P)

23
Q

When did Henry pass the Navigation Acts?

A

1485 and 1489. This was to prevent the carriage of certain imported goods in foreign ships. (P)

24
Q

Why did the Medina del Campo have significant commercial impact?

A

It revived associations with Portugal who were the leading country explorer into the New World (P)

25
Q

From 1489, how did England and Spain undergo trade?

A

They traded on equal terms and received the same rights in each country. (P)

26
Q

How did H7 attempt to apply pressure on the Hanseatic League?

A

By allying with other rivals of the Hanse merchants but it was shortlived because the Hanse were too strong to be outsmarted. (N)

27
Q

When was the Navigation Acts extended and why?

A

In 1489 to allow English ships to be used to import goods and that foreign ships could only be used when English ships weren’t available. This had limited success. (N)

28
Q

How did H7 restore the Hanseatic League to their original position under Edward IV?

A

Through an act of parliament in 1504. It is argued that Henry did this to prevent the Hanse from seeking revenge and supporting any pretenders. (N)

29
Q

How did Henry’s ships benefit the navy?

A

They were well-equipped and large. They were more efficiently administered. (P)

30
Q

Why couldn’t Henry maintain a navy?

A

It was too expensive to maintain so couldn’t keep a navy or army. (N)

31
Q

How many ships were passed on to H8?

A

8 but they were of high quality (P+N)

32
Q

Why were merchants encouraged to build vessels in order to be transformed to fighting ships?

A

Because the tensions between trade and defence were high.

33
Q

What percentage of English trade came from the cloth trade?

A

90% of all English trade. (P)

34
Q

When was the development of basic pumping technology first recorded?

A

1486 at Finchale. It enabled greater production. (P)

35
Q

What was the English trade dependent on?

A

Cloth industry (P)

36
Q

What were two examples of small-scale operations?

A

Weaving or brewing. This required little capital investment. (P)

37
Q

What were Germany and Bohemia known for?

A

Mining and metallurgy.

38
Q

What were the Spanish and Portuguese known for?

A

Ship-building.

39
Q

What did mining require?

A

Capital investment (N)

40
Q

What percentage did the export of finished cloth increase by?

A

60% which led to the development of domestic weaving (P)

41
Q

How much did imports increase by?

A

50% (P)

42
Q

How much did the export of wool decrease by?

A

30% (N)

43
Q

What happened to the farming profitability?

A

There was a decline (N)

44
Q

What happened to the export of wool?

A

It had decreased by half and was subsumed by that of woollen cloth. (N)

History - Tudors (39 decks)

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