Possible Exp. 5 Questions Flashcards
(27 cards)
______ was oxidized into ______ using hypochlorite oxidation
Cyclohexanol, cyclohexanone
A derivative of cyclohexanone was made using _______
2-4 DNP
Define oxidation
The loss of such species as atoms, molecules, or ions
How is oxidation defined in organic chemistry?
An increase in C-O bonds and/or an increase in C-H bonds
Define oxidizing agent
A substance that accepts electrons in a chemical reaction. The substance which oxidizes the substrate is itself then reduced in the process
What are some examples of oxidizing agents?
Nitric acid (HNO3), Sodium dichromate (Na2Cr2O7), potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7), pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC), potassium permanganate (KMnO4), Cr(VI), and sodium hypochlorite (bleach)
Nitric acid is a very (strong, weak) oxidizing agent
Strong
Nitric acid can oxidize cyclohexane to ______
Adipic acid (a dicarboxylic acid, specifically 1,6-hexanedioic acid)
Why is sodium hypochlorite a good oxidizing agent? What kinds of chemicals is it a good oxidizing agent for?
Good oxidizing agent for secondary alcohols, just as efficient and safer for the environment than other oxidizing agents (using NaOCl will leave less toxic chloride ions)
What is the oxidant in the mechanism done in lab?
Elemental chlorine
What must also be present in order to generate the good H2O leaving group?
Hypochlorous acid
The reaction mechanism of cyclohexanol into cyclohexanone proceeds faster in ____ than _____.
Acid, base
What is the purpose of making a derivative of a ketone?
For the identification of the presence, or absence, of a carbonyl group.
Why must derivatives be made of ketones?
Most ketones are liquids and a melting point cannot be obtained to determine their identities.
What is the melting point for the 2-4 DNP derivative of cyclohexanone?
162 degrees Celsius.
What 3 sodium molecules were added in this experiment?
Sodium bisulfite, sodium hydroxide, and sodium chloride
Why was sodium bisulfite added?
To consume any excess oxidizing agent (hypochlorite). It reacts with and destroys the chlorine generated as a by-product in the reaction
Why was sodium hydroxide added?
To neutralize the acidic solution
Why was sodium chloride added?
To extract the cyclohexanone. Adding sodium chloride decreases the solubility of cyclohexanone in the aqueous layer so that it can be extracted completely from the aqueous layer and into the ether layer
What is the process where sodium chloride is added in order to decrease the solubility of cyclohexanone in the aqueous layer?
Salting out
Define green chemistry
The design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the generation of hazardous substances
What kind of reaction was undertaken in lab?
Elimination
What functional group did we start with?
Alcohol
What functional group did we end with?
Ketone
