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Post assessment Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the curclitory system

A

To carry nutrients to all body cells, carry wastes away from all body cells

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2
Q

Parts of the curclitory system

A

Heart, blood, blood vessels

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3
Q

Heart location

A

Near the center of the chest

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4
Q

Heart parts

A

Atrium and ventricle

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5
Q

Atrium

A

Upper chambers of the heart and receives blood

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6
Q

ventricle

A

Lower chamber of the heart pumps blood

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7
Q

arteries

A

besides the pulmonary arteries all arteries carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart

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8
Q

Right side of the heart

A

Pumps blood from the heart to the lung

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9
Q

lungs

A

Co2 leaves blood and o2. Is absorbed

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10
Q

left side

A

Pumps blood from the heart to the rest of the body

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11
Q

veins

A

carry oxygen poor blood toward the heart

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12
Q

purpose of valves in veins

A

keep blood moving forward toward the heart (contractions help push blood through veins)

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13
Q

capillaries

A

the smallest blood vessels that connect arteries and veins the walls are only one cell thick blood cells must pass through single file where gasses are passed to/from tissues

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14
Q

blood amounts

A

a human body contains 4-6 liters of blood (8% of the total mass of body)

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15
Q

blood consists of

A

solids and liquids such as red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma

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16
Q

percentage of the blood that is plasma

A

55%

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17
Q

plasma is 90%

A

water

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18
Q

plasma is 10%

A

dissolved gasses, salts, nutrients, enzymes, hormones, waste products, and plasma proteins

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19
Q

red blood cells are

A

exythrocytes, most numerous cells in blood, transport oxygen, and get their color from hemogbloin

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20
Q

hemogoblin

A

iron containing protein that binds with oxygen

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21
Q

white blood cells

A

aka leukocytes do not contain hemogobin, much less numerous than red blood cells (outnumbered 1000 to 1) fight disease by finding pathogens and can live for days, months, or even years.
fight infections through inactivating foreign substances or cells
can recognize pathogens because they have antigens

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22
Q

platelets

A

helps blood clot

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23
Q

purpose of the skeletal system

A

protect organs

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24
Q

parts of the skeletal system

A

bones, joints, tendons and ligaments, and cartilage

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25
bone
supports the body, protects soft organs, helps with movement due to attached skeletal muscles, stores minerals and fats, and forms blood cells.
26
joints
are any point where bones meet also called articulations every bone (except hyoid) articulates with at least 1 other bone.
27
tenons
a fibrous connective tissue which attaches muscle to bone may attach muscles to structures such as the eyeball serves to move the bone or structure
28
ligment
a fibrous connective tissue which attaches bone to bone serves to hold structures together and keep them stable
29
cartilage
gives shape, support, and structure to other body tissues, cushions joints, smoothens the bone surfaces at the joints, and essential for the development and growth of long bones
30
muscular system
the body system that consists of muscles that provide and maintain posture
31
types of muscle
smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and skeletal muscles
32
smooth muscle
is involuntary muscle that is found in may internal organs. causes movements within your body
33
cardiac muscle
involuntary muscle that is found only in the ehart
34
skeletal muscles
voluntary muscle that is attached to bones you control to do activities, such as walk or play a musical instrument
35
voluntary muscle
a muscle that a person can control
36
involuntary muscle
muscle that functions without a person's control
37
function of the digestive system
help convert large food molecules into simple molecules (monomers) that can be absorbed and used by the cells of the body
38
parts of the digestive system
mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.
39
mouth
start of the digestive system break down food in which helps the food be digested in the body produces saliva, which breaks down the chemicals in the food a bit, which helps make the food mushy and shallow
40
esophagus
a long think and muscular tube that connects the pharynx/throat to the stomach food and fluids are propelled through the esophagus into the stomach
41
esophagus
a long think and muscular tube that connects the pharynx/throat to the stomach food and fluids are propelled through the esophagus into the stomach
42
stomach
a muscular sac that lies between the esophagus and the small intestine in the upper abdomen releases acids and enzymes for the chemical breakdown of food can expand to temporarily hold food important for churning food into a consistency that is easier to digest for the rest of the body systems
43
small intestine
absorbs about 90% of the nutrients from the food we eat the location in the body where the majority of the nutrients from ingested food are absorbed digested food passes through the wall of the intestine into the blood vessels through diffusion and active transport which then distribute the nutrition first, to the liver and then through the rest of the body.
44
large intestine
performs the vital task of absorbing water and vitamins while converting digested food into waste (feces) as your body takes back water, it just leaves waste products behind. these become dryer and harder so it is easier for your body to get rid of them
45
respitory system function
allow animals to move oxygen (needed for cellular respiration) into body tissues and remove carbon dioxide (waste product of cellular respiration) into cells
46
alveoli
moist thin-walled packets which are the site of gas exchange
47
cystic fibrosis
one of the most common inherited disorders in the Caucasian population in the U.S. and is inherited
48
hormones
chemical signals that influence cells' activities produced by glands travel through the circulatory system affects cells with matching receptors
49
hormones influence a cell's activities by
entering the cell or binding to its membrane
50
hormones are produced by
glands
51
hormones travel through the
circulatory system
52
hormoes
affect cells with matching receptors
53
negative feedback
occurs when the output of a system acts to oppose changes to the input of the system
54
glucose intake occurs
during digestion of food that is needed for every expenditure to form routine physical activities
55
organ that regulates glucose levels
pancreas
56
the pancreas regulates glucose levels by
secreting two hormones insulin and glucagon
57
liver
stores excess glucose in form of glycogen to be utilized later
58
pathogen
anything that invades your body & causes a disease
59
contagious
infectious
60
people may carry a disease
without even knowing it
61
diseases can be spread
during the incubation period (before symptoms occur)
62
diseases transmit by
direct contact, indirect contact, contact with object, infected animals, and contaminated food or water
63
fungi
appear in moist areas like the skin, scalp, mouth, and throat
64
bacteria
most are helpful or harmless a few are pathogens and release toxins in our bodies and are fought by the immune system or can be treated with antibiotics
65
virus
a nonliving protein coat surrounding either dna or rna nonliving do not grow or develop, obtain or use energy, respond to environment BUT have genetic material DNA or RNA can replicate, but only by using the host cell can evolve
66
vaccines
prevent viral infections person is injected with a weakened virus the immune system can later recognize the normal virus and fight it off.
67
immune system
bodies defense sytem against disease
68
lines of defense of your body
skin, fever, inflammation
69
skin
protective barier
70
fever
raises body temperature to kill infection
71
inflammation
swelling and redness
72
pathogens
things that infect you contain antigens
73
pathogens
things that infect you contain antigens
74
antigens
chemical markers (name tag) tell where the pathogen is
75
antibodies
proteins that recognize and bind to the antigen because they fit together mark pathogens for destruction
76
b cells
make antibodies
77
b memory cells
remember antigen in case of second infection
78
helper t cells
recognize antigen and tell b cells to make antibodies which attract killer t cells which kills infected self cell by injecting enzymes
79
mensural cycle
the rhythmic maturation of eggs
80
fsh
follicle stimulating hormone hormone that matures eggs
81
follicle
tissue in ovary surrounding developing egg the cells of the ovary that secrets the hromone estrogen
82
LH
83
ovulation
84
fallopian tube
two very thin tubes that serve as a path for the gg from the ovaries to the uterus
85
uterus
the muscular organ in which a fetus develops and is nurtured during pregnancy
86
uterus lining
the inner tissue in the uterus which builds up in preparation for the implantation of a fertilized and is rich in blood vessels to nurture the embryo
87
estrogen
88
corpus lutemum
89
progesterone
90
menstruation
91
feedback mechanisms
92
ovary
the female reproductive organ in which eggs are produced and also acts as a gland and secretes estrogen and progestogen sex hormones
93
uterus lining
the inner tissue in the uterus which builds up in preparation for the implantation of a fertilized and is rich in blood vessels to nurture the embryo
94
ovary
the female reproductive organ in which eggs are produced and also acts as a gland and creates estrogen and progestogen sex hormones
95
egg
female sex cell with one copy of the mother's genes
96
vagina
muscular tube that serves as the birth canal for delivering the baby from the uterus/womb to the outside world

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