Post-Parturient Bitch Disorders

Question 1

what are clinical signs of retained placenta?

Answer 1

green/black discharge for more than 12-24 hours
systemic illness
hungry, restless pupsq

Question 2

what can retained placenta prolonged cause?

Answer 2

necrosis of uterine wall, toxemia, uterine distention, metritis, death

Question 3

Dx of retained placenta

Answer 3

not all of them came out (count)

palp, rads, us, cbc

Question 4

how to tx retained placentae

Answer 4

oxytocin
digital manipulation
Pr
AM, NSaids, fluids
OHE

Question 5

what is subinvolution of the uterine horns

Answer 5

when the uterus does not return to normal size. usually both sides

Question 6

What are possible complications from subinvolution?

Answer 6

Toxic Milk Syndrome - may see bloated crying pups
fluid debris retained,
incomplete contractions

Question 7

Tx of subinvolution?

Answer 7

empty the uterus and restore tone with oxytocin, PGF2a, calcium gluconate,
Deal with the pups and give 10% dextrose to deal with bloating

Question 8

etiologies of acute metritis

Answer 8

e coli, staph, strep

Question 9

clinical signs of acute metrittis

Answer 9

ill
agalactia, neglect of pups
red fetid discharge and green/black
abd pain

Question 10

Tx of acute metritis

Answer 10

get pups off, give fluids and dextrose
supportive tx 
AM
PGF2a, oxytocin, ergonovine
OHE

Question 11

What is SIPS?

Answer 11

trophoblastic cells don’t degenerate, continue to invade endometrium and myometrium

Question 12

clinical signs of SIPS

Answer 12

persistent hemorrhagic discahrge and rarely anemia

Question 13

What is unique about the Dx of SIPS?

Answer 13

occ’l syncitiotrophoblasts on cytology

Question 14

Tx of SIPS

Answer 14

look at PCV, PGF2a and progetsin ovaban, then maybe OHE

Repeated - oxytocin and ergonovine (preventative too?)

Question 15

How do you deal with a uterine prolapse? (usually in cats more)

Answer 15

look for damage, rinse and replace, give oxytocin/AM (a wk), may have to do the OHE

Question 16

Which agalactia is treatable and which is not?

Answer 16

primary - lack of development of mammary tiisue - not Tx
secondary - is Tx, remove underlying cause.

feed the pups in the mean time

Question 17

When do we see galactostasis?

Answer 17

sometimes after pseudopreg

right around whelping

Question 18

clinical signs of galactostasis

Answer 18

uncomfortable dog, milk drops from nipple, usually at an abnormal nipple

Question 19

Tx of galactostasis

Answer 19

keep awsay from feed and water
give furosemide
massaage and milk by hand
warm/cold pack it
anti-prolactin, AM,

Question 20

Tx of mastitis

Answer 20

massage and milk 
hotpacks, maybe cold to relieve
lance and drain if absces
AM, NSAIDs, Cabergoline, 
deal with the puppies appropriately

Question 21

What is puerperal tetany (eclampsia) caused by ?

Answer 21

caused by too much calcium

stay away from wheat bran, soybean meal

Question 22

what can overzealous oxytocin cause?

Answer 22

rupture of the uterus or cranial vagina

Question 23

what is perforating uterine ulcers caused by and what will it present as?

Answer 23

from RFM or pup, causes local necrosis and perforates –> presents as acute abdomen with weird va discharge

Question 24

what is the best thing to do with abnormal behaviour of bitches

Answer 24

tranq them

Question 25

superfecund in ____ | superfetation in ____

Answer 25

dogs | cats

Question 26

vaginal edema/hyperplasia/prolapse is caused by...

Answer 26

estrogenic responsen of vaginal mucosa in pro/estrus

Question 27

Tx of vaginal edema/hyperplasia, prolapse

Answer 27

will shrink in Diestrus or OHE

Question 28

when do you see ovarian remnant syndrome and what do you do about it?

Answer 28

see 2 months after OHE with swollen vulva and bleeding, attracting males. treatment is surgery to get the rest out. haha

Question 29

lesions from TVT

Answer 29

vulvular, penile and facial lesions(nose, conjunctiva)

Question 30

Tx of TVT

Answer 30

complete surgical excision - and extensive chemo/radiation/vinchrinstine tx

Question 31

what is the prognosis for mammary tumors?

Answer 31

IF between 4-17 months - bad

Question 32

which glands are most affected in mammary tumors?

Answer 32

glands 4 and 5

Question 33

what increases the risk of mammary tumors?

Answer 33

increased progestin

Question 34

what is the only prevention of estrsu in canada

Answer 34

ovaban (megestrol acetate)

Question 35

non-infectious causes of fetal loss

Answer 35

``` nutrition - like vit A, Iodine, mang trauma drugs hypoluteism CEH Genetic Uterine torsion inguinla hernia prolonged gestation ```

Question 36

Infectious causes of embryonic and fetal loss

Answer 36

Brucella Canis Canine Herpes Virus Canine Distemper Virus Canine Parvovirus Campylo salmonella lepto e coli, strep group L, ureaplasma, mycoplasma, toxo

Question 37

Pathogenesis of Brucella

Answer 37

mucosal entry --> phagocytes --> regional LN (6mo-6yrs) with cell associ bacteremia --> hits other organs, goes into IC MN cell persistence and proliferation in the spleen and BM --> intermitt bactermia. also goes to teh genital LN and causes prostatitis, epidid, orchitis, pregnant uteru, infertiliy and abortions

Question 38

CLinical signs of Brucella

Answer 38

lymphadeniits and splenitis abortion vag discharge

Question 39

When does brucella usually abort?

Answer 39

45-49 days

Question 40

How to Dx brucella?

Answer 40

RTAT or AGID, ELISA