Posterior Chamber DIsorders Flashcards Preview

Ophthalmology > Posterior Chamber DIsorders > Flashcards

Flashcards in Posterior Chamber DIsorders Deck (25)
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1
Q

Retinal detachment

A
  • Primary event is retinal tear
  • Vitreous fluid passes through tear and lodges behind the sensory retina.
  • Retina progressively detaches.
2
Q

Predisposing retinal detachment factors

A
Age:  50-75
Myosis
Cataract extraction
Trauma
Family history
Advanced diabetes
3
Q

Retinal detachment S/S

A
  • Blurred vision in one eye
  • Floaters, move about vision
  • Flashing lights
  • No pain or redness
4
Q

Central Retinal Artery Occlusion (CRAO)

A

An embolism that enters and occludes the retinal artery

5
Q

CRAO predisposing factors

A
Old age
Carotid artery disease
A-fib
HTN
Diabetes
Temporal Arteritis
6
Q

CRAO S/S

A

Sudden profound monocular vision loss
Painless
Can detect hand movements, but cant count fingers

7
Q

Main fundascopic exam finding in CRAO

A

Pallor of the optic disc
Inchemic retinal whitening
Cherry red macula
Marked afferent pupillary defect

8
Q

CRAO prognosis

A

Very poor vision prognosis if not resolved within 90 minutes.
REFER!

9
Q

Central Retinal Vein Occlusion

A

An occlusion of the central vein that results in vision loss. Painless.
Refer to an optho

10
Q

A Pt with a central retinal artery occlusion should be screened for?

A

Diabetes, HTN, Hyperlipidemia and Glaucoma

11
Q

Amaurosis Fugax

A

Monocular loss of vision lasting a few minutes with a complete recovery
Characterized by a curtain closing vertically over the visual field, and a similar curtain opening.

12
Q

What must be evaluated in patients with amaurosis fugax?

A
  • Doppler ultrasound of carotids
  • EKG to R/O A.fib
  • Labs
13
Q

Amaurosis Faux Tx

A

Refer
Ocular massage
Lower IOP
Low dose ASA

14
Q

Optic Neuritis

A

Generally occurs in young females and is an early sign of MS.
Unilateral decrease in vision over 1-3 days
Loss of color vision

15
Q

How to pupils appear in optic neuritis?

A

Relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD)

16
Q

Should oral steroids be given to patients with optic neuritis?

A

NO, push IV steroids. Oral steroids are malpractice for some reason…

17
Q

Papilledema

A

Optic disc swelling due to increased intracranial pressure.

  • Tumors
  • Subdural hematoma
  • Brain abscess, meningitis
18
Q

Papilledema S/S

A

Slow vision loss from ICP/optic nerve swelling
Acute attacks of blindness while lying flat
Usually bilateral
disc margins blurred

19
Q

Giant cell Arteritis - Temporal Arteritis

A

Sudden, painless nonprogressive vision loss.
HA, scalp tenderness
Jaw claudication
Patients >55

20
Q

GCA findings

A

+ RAPD
Pale, swollen disc
Get Labs

21
Q

GCA Tx

A

Treat with steroids (do not wait for biopsy)

Refer to surgery

22
Q

Age Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)

A

10% of elderly have it
Wearing out of the retina and photoreceptors
More common in caucasians

23
Q

Dry ARMD

A

Gradual vision loss

Drusen

24
Q

Wet ARMD

A

Sudden vision loss
subretinal neovascularzation
Accumulation of fluid and blood
Acute distortion in vision

25
Q

ARMD Tx

A
Control CVD
DIet high in fruits and veggies
Antioxidants
Stop smoking
MOnitor vision with amsler grid