Postwar America

Question 1

4 zones of Germany

Answer 1

France, England, US, Soviets
later consolidated into East - Soviets
West - France, US, UK
Berlin divided

Question 2

Efforts at stabilization in Japan

Answer 2

New constitution written
Democratic government set up
Abolished army and navy
General McArthur effectively rules Japan

Question 3

When was the UN founded

Answer 3

1945

Question 4

Structure of UN

Answer 4

General assembly - all countries
Security council - 15 countries
5 permanent members of council with veto power over general assembly

Question 5

5 permanent members of security council

Answer 5

US
USSR
China
France
UK

Question 6

Cold War

Answer 6

State of political and economic hostility between countries, characterized by the threat of all-out war
Competition of global power

Question 7

America and Russia’s not war

Answer 7

Actively worked against each other’s interests

Capitalism versus communism

Question 8

Russian political motivations

Answer 8

Buffer of “friendly” satellite nations around Russia
Establish a warm water port
Spread communism

Question 9

American strategies to prevent Soviet expansion

Answer 9

Marshall plan

Truman doctrine

Question 10

What was the Marshall plan

Answer 10

Rebuild Europe

$17 billion in economic aid

Question 11

What was the Truman doctrine

Answer 11

Pledge to support any countries threatened by conquest or containing communism

Question 12

Berlin airlift

Answer 12

Soviets block roads from west Germany to West Berlin 1948
Cut off food and fuel
Western leaders dropped 2 million tons of food and supplies by planes for 10 months

Question 13

What led to Korean War

Answer 13

North and South Korea set up different governments 1948
Border of 38th parallel
US fears northern communists will take over south
Builds up South Korean army

Question 14

Korean War

Answer 14

1950
UN Security Council calls for cease fire
Brands North Korea aggressor
Truman supports South Korea
Sends American troops
McArthur commands US force
Drove NK. Back, but forced back by combined Chinese and North Korean force
Defensive line set up at 38th parallel
Armistice 1953

Question 15

Eisenhower’s slogan

Answer 15

I like Ike

Question 16

Eisenhower’s promise

Answer 16

End Korean War and fight communism

Question 17

How did Eisenhower fight communism

Answer 17

CIA - promoted diplomatic ends

Question 18

Suez crisis

Answer 18

1956
US denies financial aid to build a dam in Egypt
Soviets offer instead
Egypt takes over Suez Canal (nationalized)
Gamal Abdel Nasser refused to allow Israeli ships through
Israel attacks - captures Sinai peninsula
UN demands cease fire
Eisenhower offers military aid to nations resisting communist aggression

Question 19

Points about Eisenhower era

Answer 19

Workplace changes
Highway act 1956
Suburban migration
TV’s golden age

Question 20

Workplace changes

Answer 20

Automation increases productivity

Reduced number of manufacturing jobs

Question 21

Highway act of 1956

Answer 21

Expanded the nation’s highway system

Commuting easier

Question 22

Suburban migration

Answer 22

Americans leave inner city to live in suburbs
Planned communities
Baby boom

Question 23

Baby boom

Answer 23

Massive increase in birth rate across the country during the 1950s
30 million babies

Question 24

TV’s golden age

Answer 24

Popular form of entertainment in 1950s

I love Lucy

Question 25

Rock'n'roll

Answer 25

New type of music in the 50s Popular among teenagers Combined blues with upbeat rhythms Elvis

Question 26

Elvis

Answer 26

1935-1977 Love fd gospel and blues music growing up Moved from Tupelo, MS to Memphis TN Influenced by African American musicians

Question 27

Elvis's first major record

Answer 27

That's all right, mama

Question 28

Controversy about Elvis

Answer 28

Adults disliked Rock'n'roll

Question 29

What are american's anxious about

Answer 29

Nuclear war

Question 30

Space programs

Answer 30

Russia launches 1st artificial satellite in orbit 1957 - Sputnik Americans fear US is falling behind National Aeronautics and Space Administration 1958

Question 31

Senator Joseph McCarthy

Answer 31

``` Accused thousands of Americans of being communists Claimed to have a list of names Ruined reputations Caught no spies Like a gangster in a B movie No sense of decency ```

Question 32

1960 campaign

Answer 32

JFK vs. Nixon First TV debate Americans find JFK attractive and Nixon sweaty Kennedy (43) wins

Question 33

JFK policy

Answer 33

Did not want to rely on threat of nuclear weapons to block communist expansion Preferred a flexible response Founded peace corps Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country

Question 34

Cuban missile crisis

Answer 34

Fidel Castro took over Cuba 1959 supported by Soviets Bay of pigs Missiles of October

Question 35

Bay of pigs

Answer 35

Us organized expedition to overthrow Fidel Castro Anti Castro Cuban refugees trained by CIA Kennedy called off air support - disaster

Question 36

Missiles of October

Answer 36

October 1962 Castro requests defensive aid from Soviets Soviets comply and send nuclear missiles U2 spy plane IDs ballistic missile launch pads in Cuba 2 minutes to strike US cities Soviets ships confronted by American blockade Soviet military advisers armed missiles in Cuba, turn back Closest to nuclear war

Question 37

JFK assassination

Answer 37

``` November 1963 Dallas Campaign for 1964 election Open car motorcade Lee Harvey Oswald LBJ new president Jack Ruby shot Oswald in public Warren commission investigates with zap ruder film ```

Question 38

Efforts at stabilization after WWII

Answer 38

Nazi Party dismantled and outlawed | Germany divided into 4 zones