WWII Flashcards
(124 cards)
1
Q
What is the objectivity of morality
A
Moral values and duties are not relative to circumstance, or true simply according to a person’s subjective opinion
2
Q
What is the nature of God
A
That than which no greater can be conceived - anselm
3
Q
About God and time
A
God is not necessarily bound by time, he sees all of history from beginning to end
4
Q
What is the intellectual problem of evil
A
God cannot logically exist in a world where evil exists
5
Q
Emotional problem of evil
A
God wouldn’t or shouldn’t let bad things happen if he is good
6
Q
Problems with intellectual and emotional
A
Intellectual heartless and cruel
Emotional is superficial
7
Q
What is disarmament
A
Decrease size of military
8
Q
Washington conference
A
International meeting focusing on naval disarmament
Charles Evan Hughes proposal
9
Q
What did Hughes propose
A
Destroy 66 large warships
10 year naval holiday
10
Q
What was the four power treaty
A
UK, France, Japan, US
Respect territory in pacific
Japanese diplomat said they were ready for a new order of thought and international friendship for the greater good of humanity
11
Q
What was the Kellogg Briand pact
A
US and France outlaw war except for defensive
Joined by 62 countries
Japan breaks out
12
Q
What did Japan do after the Kellogg Briand pact
A
Invades China
No sanctions imposed
13
Q
What happened to the League of Nations
A
Refused to disarm
14
Q
What did Mussolini do
A
Founded fascist party
Invaded Ethiopia 1935
Wanted a return to the glory days of ROme
15
Q
Fascism
A
Military dominated government should control all society
Black shirts
16
Q
Stalin
A
Leader of communist party Assassinated his opponents and anyone he thought was a threat Purges Totalitarian state 30 million dead
17
Q
What happened to stalin’s opponents
A
Sent to camps
15 million sent by 1933
18
Q
About totalitarian state
A
Seized private land
Created large state run farms
19
Q
Hitler’s rise
A
Leader of Nazi party
Wrote mein Kampf
Blamed Jews for German troubles
Rearmed Germany
Violated treaty of Versailles
Determined to strengthen economy and increase employment
Buildup armed forces most important for political power
20
Q
Militarism in Japan
A
Lessen reliance on foreign imports
Lessen western influence in Asia
Increase Japanese expansion to make empire
21
Q
Benefits of empire
A
Iron
Petrol
Rubber
Wood
22
Q
1931 Japan
A
Invades Manchuria
23
Q
1934 Japan
A
Rapid increase in navy
24
Q
1937 Japan
A
Nanking massacre
Rape of Nanking
40000-300000 unarmed civilians killed
25
Appeasement
Giving in in an attempt to avoid larger conflict
26
Munich conference
Hitler, Mussolini, chamberlain, palodier
Agreed to give Germany Sudetenland
Peace in our time
27
Who did Sudetenland belong to
Czechoslovakia
28
Non-aggression pact
Hitler and Stalin
29
September 1, 1939
Germany invades Poland using blitzkrieg
England and France declare war on Germany
Soviet state invade Poland from east and declared war on Finland
30
What is blitzkrieg
Lightning warfare
| Bombers, tanks, infantry
31
Maginot line
French defensive perimeter along German border
Germans go around
France defeated in 6 weeks
32
Dunkirk evacuation
330,000 British and French troops successfully retreat across English Channel
Vichy France established
33
Vichy
German puppet government
34
Change of power in England
Chamberlain, peace in our time, to Churchill, this was our finest hour
35
Lend lease act
US appropriated 7 billion for military supplies and sent them to the allies
March 1941
36
Attacks before Pearl Harbor
German subs attack ships in North Atlantic
Germany invades USSR June 1941
Japan invades French Indochina July 1941
37
Events in Japan before Pearl Harbor
Hideki Tojo becomes prime minister
US placed embargo on Japan
Restricted gas, machines, steel
38
Pearl Harbor
```
December 7, 1941
Japan launches surprise attack on US naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii
2400 Americans killed
20 warships, 200 aircraft destroyed
A date which will live in infamy
US declares war on Japan
Germany declares war on US
```
39
What did axis do, strengths
remobilized armies
Built airfields, barracks, training centers
Converted economies to military production
40
Allied advantage
USSR had huge military
| Huge production capacity of the US
41
US mobilizing for war
Factories converted to produce military assets
Women work in factories
Government expands control over economy
Selective training and service act
42
Wartime productions
```
Planes
Naval ships
Tanks
Rifles
Ammo
```
43
How does government expand control over the economy
Increased income tax
Fixed wages
Rationed scarce items
44
Who can get drafted
Men 21-35
45
How many men in 1941
450000
46
How many men 1945
12 million
47
Women in the war
300000 volunteers
Nurses
WAAC
WASPS
48
What was WAAC
Women's auxiliary army corps
49
What was WASPS
Women's Air Force service pilots
50
What happened to Japanese Americans
Placed in internment camps
| Suffered severe discrimination during war
51
Philippines
Japanese major advances
Douglas MacArthur commanded all US army in Pacific
Outnumbered and forced to flee to Australia
said I shall return to the Filipinos
52
Pacific victories
Midway
| Guadalcanal
53
Midway
June 1942
Japan attempts to crush US naval fleet
US fighters sink four Japanese aircraft carriers
54
Guadalcanal
August 1942
US troops capture the island
Lasted 6 months, Japan refused to surrender
US navy defeats Japanese counterattack
55
Bonhoeffer
German priest
Fled when Nazis came to power
Went back to support Christians being persecuted in Germany
Acted as double agent
56
Bonhoeffer as a spy
Worked for German intelligence agency
Anti hitler resistance
Imprisoned 1943
Executed by order of Hitler 1945
57
Quote about Bonhoeffer
Less about avoiding sin, more about courageously doing God's will
58
North Africa invasion
Operation torch
| Rommel and Eisenhower
59
About Rommel
Erwin Rommel
Desert fox
Commanded German Afrika korps
60
About Eisenhower
Commanded US and British troops
| Forced German surrender in May 43
61
Italy invasion
Sicily captured in 1 month
Led by General George s Patton
Italians overthrow Mussolini
Germans in Italy defeated January 44
62
Big three
FDR
Churchill
Stalin
63
DDay
```
June 6, 1944
Operation Overlord
Allied invasion of Normandy, France
Canada, US, UK
Airborne assault
Paratroopers
Amphibious assault
Naval bombardment
5 beach sectors
Largest seaborne invasion in history
```
64
About paratroopers
Dropped behind German "Atlantic wall" at night
| 101st airborne
65
Objectives of DDay
Establish a beachhead - base of operation
Capture key cities of Caretan, St. Lo, Caen, and Bayeux
Kill hitler
Defeat Germany
66
About the amphibious assault
Naval bombardment
67
The five beaches
Utah, Omaha - US
Juno - Canada
Gold, Sword - UK
Fighting most intense at Omaha
68
Battle of the bulge
Allies cross German border September 1944
Germans launch counterattack and drove them back
101st airborne completely surrounded during winter at Bastogne Belgium
Germans demand American surrender
General Anthony McAuliff said Nuts
Germans retreat January 1945
69
Yalta conference
Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin
Discussed plans for postwar peace
Agreed to divide and occupy Germany
Groundwork laid for UN
70
Allied bombers
Devastated German cities
| Firestorm in Dresden
71
Churchill
Concerned soviet state will claim territory seized
72
Eisenhower
Calls halt
| Doesn't want politics to determine military strategy
73
Roosevelt
Dies April 12, 1945
| Truman becomes president
74
End of hitler
Commits suicide April 30, 45 in bunker in Berlin
75
VE Day
Unconditional surrender from Germany
May 7, 1945
World discovers holocaust
76
US objective in Asia
Capture an island within striking distance of Japan
77
Island hopping
Attack and seize strategic Japanese held islands large enough to build airstrips
78
Recapturing the Philippines
McArthur returns June 1943
Battle of Leyte Gulf
Japan subdued by Feb 1945
79
Leyte gulf
Largest naval engagement in pacific
| Japanese navy destroyed
80
Iwo Jima
US marines attack in February 1945
Met strong resistance
Japanese utilized elaborate tunnel systems and bunkers
US victory
81
What did Ted A say about Iwo Jima
Casualties volcanic, enormous
| There was little concealment like a piece of moon dropped on earth
82
Okinawa
```
US troops land without incident
Japanese retreat and prepare counterattack
700 Japanese planes attack US beachhead
350 kamikaze
US victory
Realization the Japan will fight to end
Bombers in range of Japanese mainland
```
83
About kamikaze
Divine wind
| Nothing was surprise but kamikaze. Admiral Nimitz
84
Casualties of Okinawa
49000 Americans
| 100000 Japanese
85
Atomic bomb
Top secret Manhattan project
Einstein
Robert J. Oppenheimer
Successful test in NM
86
Oppenheimer quote
Now I am become death, destroyer of worlds
87
Casualties of seaborn invasion
500000-1 million Americans
| 5-10 million Japanese
88
Potsdam Conference
Ultimatum of unconditional surrender sent to Japan July 26
| July 28 - refused
89
Hiroshima bomb
August 6
Dropped by B29 Enola gay
Killed 150000
90
Nagasaki
August 9
| Killed 75000
91
VJ Day
Japanese surrender September 2, 1945
92
What was the holocaust
Systematic and industrialized mass murder of Jews, homosexuals, gypsies/Roma, and political prisoners
93
Genocide
Deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation
94
Jan 30, 1933
Hitler appointed chancellor of Germany
95
March 22, 1933
Dachau opens
96
April 1, 1935
Boycott of Jewish shops
97
September 15, 1935
Nuremberg laws enacted
98
What were the Nuremberg laws
Jews no longer German citizens
99
April 26, 1938
Mandatory registration of all property held by Jews
100
November 9, 1938
Kristallnacht
101
What was kristallnacht
Night of broken glass
| Jewish synagogues, homes, and businesses destroyed
102
September 1, 1939
Germany invades Poland
| WWII begins
103
November 23, 1939
Jews in Poland forced to wear armband or yellow star
104
November 15, 1940
Warsaw ghetto sealed off with 500000 inhabitants
105
October 1941
Auschwitz extermination camp established
106
December 11, 1941
US declares war on Japan
107
Jan 20, 1942
Nazis reveal official plan to murder all Jews on the European continent
108
Jan 1943
German 5th army surrenders at Stalingrad
109
March 1943
Warsaw ghetto uprising
110
July 20 1044
Group of German officers attempt to assassinate Hitler
111
October 7, 1944
Revolt by Auschwitz inmates
| One crematorium blown up
112
November 2, 1944
Gassing ceases at Auschwitz
113
January 17, 1945
Evacuation of Auschwitz, beginning of death march
114
April 1945
USSR enters Germany
115
What was the final solution
Hitler's plan to "cleanse" Europe of Jews
116
Methods of extermination
Mass shootings
| Gas chambers with Zyklon B gas
117
What countries affected by holocaust
Poland, France, Netherlands, Russia, Italy
118
What did German squads to do "Undesirables"
Rounded them up and sent them to concentration camps by rail cars
119
Forced labor camps
Dachau, buchenwald,
120
Death camps
Auschwitz
Treblinka
Belzec
121
Sign at dachau
Work makes you free
122
What happened to the bodies
Cremated
123
Aftermath of holocaust
6 million Jews executed
| 9 million murdered
124
If humans do not have free will can they be held___?
| Answer???
Responsible for acts detrimental to society
| No, all actions are predestined
