What is the objectivity of morality
Moral values and duties are not relative to circumstance, or true simply according to a person’s subjective opinion
What is the nature of God
That than which no greater can be conceived - anselm
About God and time
God is not necessarily bound by time, he sees all of history from beginning to end
What is the intellectual problem of evil
God cannot logically exist in a world where evil exists
Emotional problem of evil
God wouldn’t or shouldn’t let bad things happen if he is good
Problems with intellectual and emotional
Intellectual heartless and cruel
Emotional is superficial
What is disarmament
Decrease size of military
Washington conference
International meeting focusing on naval disarmament
Charles Evan Hughes proposal
What did Hughes propose
Destroy 66 large warships
10 year naval holiday
What was the four power treaty
UK, France, Japan, US
Respect territory in pacific
Japanese diplomat said they were ready for a new order of thought and international friendship for the greater good of humanity
What was the Kellogg Briand pact
US and France outlaw war except for defensive
Joined by 62 countries
Japan breaks out
What did Japan do after the Kellogg Briand pact
Invades China
No sanctions imposed
What happened to the League of Nations
Refused to disarm
What did Mussolini do
Founded fascist party
Invaded Ethiopia 1935
Wanted a return to the glory days of ROme
Fascism
Military dominated government should control all society
Black shirts
Stalin
Leader of communist party Assassinated his opponents and anyone he thought was a threat Purges Totalitarian state 30 million dead
What happened to stalin’s opponents
Sent to camps
15 million sent by 1933
About totalitarian state
Seized private land
Created large state run farms
Hitler’s rise
Leader of Nazi party
Wrote mein Kampf
Blamed Jews for German troubles
Rearmed Germany
Violated treaty of Versailles
Determined to strengthen economy and increase employment
Buildup armed forces most important for political power
Militarism in Japan
Lessen reliance on foreign imports
Lessen western influence in Asia
Increase Japanese expansion to make empire
Benefits of empire
Iron
Petrol
Rubber
Wood
1931 Japan
Invades Manchuria
1934 Japan
Rapid increase in navy
1937 Japan
Nanking massacre
Rape of Nanking
40000-300000 unarmed civilians killed
Appeasement
Giving in in an attempt to avoid larger conflict
Munich conference
Hitler, Mussolini, chamberlain, palodier
Agreed to give Germany Sudetenland
Peace in our time
Who did Sudetenland belong to
Czechoslovakia
Non-aggression pact
Hitler and Stalin
September 1, 1939
Germany invades Poland using blitzkrieg
England and France declare war on Germany
Soviet state invade Poland from east and declared war on Finland
What is blitzkrieg
Lightning warfare
Bombers, tanks, infantry
Maginot line
French defensive perimeter along German border
Germans go around
France defeated in 6 weeks
Dunkirk evacuation
330,000 British and French troops successfully retreat across English Channel
Vichy France established
Vichy
German puppet government
Change of power in England
Chamberlain, peace in our time, to Churchill, this was our finest hour
Lend lease act
US appropriated 7 billion for military supplies and sent them to the allies
March 1941
Attacks before Pearl Harbor
German subs attack ships in North Atlantic
Germany invades USSR June 1941
Japan invades French Indochina July 1941
Events in Japan before Pearl Harbor
Hideki Tojo becomes prime minister
US placed embargo on Japan
Restricted gas, machines, steel
Pearl Harbor
December 7, 1941 Japan launches surprise attack on US naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii 2400 Americans killed 20 warships, 200 aircraft destroyed A date which will live in infamy US declares war on Japan Germany declares war on US
What did axis do, strengths
remobilized armies
Built airfields, barracks, training centers
Converted economies to military production
Allied advantage
USSR had huge military
Huge production capacity of the US
US mobilizing for war
Factories converted to produce military assets
Women work in factories
Government expands control over economy
Selective training and service act
Wartime productions
Planes Naval ships Tanks Rifles Ammo
How does government expand control over the economy
Increased income tax
Fixed wages
Rationed scarce items
Who can get drafted
Men 21-35
How many men in 1941
450000
How many men 1945
12 million
Women in the war
300000 volunteers
Nurses
WAAC
WASPS
What was WAAC
Women’s auxiliary army corps
What was WASPS
Women’s Air Force service pilots
What happened to Japanese Americans
Placed in internment camps
Suffered severe discrimination during war
Philippines
Japanese major advances
Douglas MacArthur commanded all US army in Pacific
Outnumbered and forced to flee to Australia
said I shall return to the Filipinos
Pacific victories
Midway
Guadalcanal
Midway
June 1942
Japan attempts to crush US naval fleet
US fighters sink four Japanese aircraft carriers
Guadalcanal
August 1942
US troops capture the island
Lasted 6 months, Japan refused to surrender
US navy defeats Japanese counterattack
Bonhoeffer
German priest
Fled when Nazis came to power
Went back to support Christians being persecuted in Germany
Acted as double agent
Bonhoeffer as a spy
Worked for German intelligence agency
Anti hitler resistance
Imprisoned 1943
Executed by order of Hitler 1945
Quote about Bonhoeffer
Less about avoiding sin, more about courageously doing God’s will
North Africa invasion
Operation torch
Rommel and Eisenhower
About Rommel
Erwin Rommel
Desert fox
Commanded German Afrika korps
About Eisenhower
Commanded US and British troops
Forced German surrender in May 43
Italy invasion
Sicily captured in 1 month
Led by General George s Patton
Italians overthrow Mussolini
Germans in Italy defeated January 44
Big three
FDR
Churchill
Stalin
DDay
June 6, 1944 Operation Overlord Allied invasion of Normandy, France Canada, US, UK Airborne assault Paratroopers Amphibious assault Naval bombardment 5 beach sectors Largest seaborne invasion in history
About paratroopers
Dropped behind German “Atlantic wall” at night
101st airborne
Objectives of DDay
Establish a beachhead - base of operation
Capture key cities of Caretan, St. Lo, Caen, and Bayeux
Kill hitler
Defeat Germany
About the amphibious assault
Naval bombardment
The five beaches
Utah, Omaha - US
Juno - Canada
Gold, Sword - UK
Fighting most intense at Omaha
Battle of the bulge
Allies cross German border September 1944
Germans launch counterattack and drove them back
101st airborne completely surrounded during winter at Bastogne Belgium
Germans demand American surrender
General Anthony McAuliff said Nuts
Germans retreat January 1945
Yalta conference
Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin
Discussed plans for postwar peace
Agreed to divide and occupy Germany
Groundwork laid for UN
Allied bombers
Devastated German cities
Firestorm in Dresden
Churchill
Concerned soviet state will claim territory seized
Eisenhower
Calls halt
Doesn’t want politics to determine military strategy
Roosevelt
Dies April 12, 1945
Truman becomes president
End of hitler
Commits suicide April 30, 45 in bunker in Berlin
VE Day
Unconditional surrender from Germany
May 7, 1945
World discovers holocaust
US objective in Asia
Capture an island within striking distance of Japan
Island hopping
Attack and seize strategic Japanese held islands large enough to build airstrips
Recapturing the Philippines
McArthur returns June 1943
Battle of Leyte Gulf
Japan subdued by Feb 1945
Leyte gulf
Largest naval engagement in pacific
Japanese navy destroyed
Iwo Jima
US marines attack in February 1945
Met strong resistance
Japanese utilized elaborate tunnel systems and bunkers
US victory
What did Ted A say about Iwo Jima
Casualties volcanic, enormous
There was little concealment like a piece of moon dropped on earth
Okinawa
US troops land without incident Japanese retreat and prepare counterattack 700 Japanese planes attack US beachhead 350 kamikaze US victory Realization the Japan will fight to end Bombers in range of Japanese mainland
About kamikaze
Divine wind
Nothing was surprise but kamikaze. Admiral Nimitz
Casualties of Okinawa
49000 Americans
100000 Japanese
Atomic bomb
Top secret Manhattan project
Einstein
Robert J. Oppenheimer
Successful test in NM
Oppenheimer quote
Now I am become death, destroyer of worlds
Casualties of seaborn invasion
500000-1 million Americans
5-10 million Japanese
Potsdam Conference
Ultimatum of unconditional surrender sent to Japan July 26
July 28 - refused
Hiroshima bomb
August 6
Dropped by B29 Enola gay
Killed 150000
Nagasaki
August 9
Killed 75000
VJ Day
Japanese surrender September 2, 1945
What was the holocaust
Systematic and industrialized mass murder of Jews, homosexuals, gypsies/Roma, and political prisoners
Genocide
Deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation
Jan 30, 1933
Hitler appointed chancellor of Germany
March 22, 1933
Dachau opens
April 1, 1935
Boycott of Jewish shops
September 15, 1935
Nuremberg laws enacted
What were the Nuremberg laws
Jews no longer German citizens
April 26, 1938
Mandatory registration of all property held by Jews
November 9, 1938
Kristallnacht
What was kristallnacht
Night of broken glass
Jewish synagogues, homes, and businesses destroyed
September 1, 1939
Germany invades Poland
WWII begins
November 23, 1939
Jews in Poland forced to wear armband or yellow star
November 15, 1940
Warsaw ghetto sealed off with 500000 inhabitants
October 1941
Auschwitz extermination camp established
December 11, 1941
US declares war on Japan
Jan 20, 1942
Nazis reveal official plan to murder all Jews on the European continent
Jan 1943
German 5th army surrenders at Stalingrad
March 1943
Warsaw ghetto uprising
July 20 1044
Group of German officers attempt to assassinate Hitler
October 7, 1944
Revolt by Auschwitz inmates
One crematorium blown up
November 2, 1944
Gassing ceases at Auschwitz
January 17, 1945
Evacuation of Auschwitz, beginning of death march
April 1945
USSR enters Germany
What was the final solution
Hitler’s plan to “cleanse” Europe of Jews
Methods of extermination
Mass shootings
Gas chambers with Zyklon B gas
What countries affected by holocaust
Poland, France, Netherlands, Russia, Italy
What did German squads to do “Undesirables”
Rounded them up and sent them to concentration camps by rail cars
Forced labor camps
Dachau, buchenwald,
Death camps
Auschwitz
Treblinka
Belzec
Sign at dachau
Work makes you free
What happened to the bodies
Cremated
Aftermath of holocaust
6 million Jews executed
9 million murdered
If humans do not have free will can they be held___?
Answer???
Responsible for acts detrimental to society
No, all actions are predestined