Poultry

Question 1

Fowl plague

Answer 1

Avian influenza virus (notifiable): green diarrhea + cyanosis + edema + discoloration of shanks, feet + bloody oral/nasal discharge

Question 2

Avian encephalomyelitis

Answer 2

Picornovirus causes neurological signs in 1-2 week old chick –> vaccinate breeder animals

Question 3

Necrotic enteritis

Answer 3

Clostridium perfringens C (gram-positive rods): high mortality + treat with antibiotics

Question 4

Marek’s disease

Answer 4

Herpesvirus: thickened nerves + ocular signs + raised skin + gray foci of neoplasia on visceral organs –> in-ovo vaccination

Question 5

Lymphoid leukosis

Answer 5

Viral disease causes lymphoma

Question 6

Nutritional encephalomalacia

Answer 6

Vitamin E deficiency causes neurological signs in chicks

Question 7

Reticuloendotheliosis

Answer 7

Retrovirus causes runting, neoplasia and lymphoma

Question 8

Deep pectoral myopathy

Answer 8

Green muscle disease affecting supracoracoideus

Question 9

Infectious Bronchitis Virus

Answer 9

Coronavirus with high morbidity: respiratory disease and changes to egg shell quality –> viral isolation after passages in chick embryo

Question 10

Infectious bursal disease (gumboror disease)

Answer 10

Birna virus affects bursa of fabricius causing diarrhea, ataxia, vent picking –> vaccinate

Question 11

Newcastle disease

Answer 11

Paramyxovirus causing diarrhea, respiratory and neurological signs –> vaccinate

Question 12

Fowl cholera

Answer 12

Pasteurella multocida: pyrexia, diarrhea, mucoid oral discharge, effusions –> vaccinate or treat with sulfonamides, tetracyclines, penicillin.

Question 13

Infectious laryngotracheitis

Answer 13

Herpesvirus diagnosed by intranuclear inclusion bodies from trachea

Question 14

Fowl pox

Answer 14

Poxvirus affecting 1-2 week old chicks: dry + wet form causing scabs and warts or fibrinous plaques in URT –> vaccinate chick embryos

Question 15

Avian chlamydiosis

Answer 15

Necrosis of internal organs diagnosed by intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Treat with tetracycline.

Question 16

E. coli infection

Answer 16

Triad of necropsy findings: fibrinous air sacculitis + pericarditis + perihepatitis

Question 17

Aspergillosis

Answer 17

Granulomatous pneumonia –> treat with terbinafine

Question 18

Infectious coryza

Answer 18

Avibacterium paragallinarum: oculonasal discharge, edema, and infraorbital swelling

Question 19

Malabsorption (runting) syndrome

Answer 19

Multifactorial etiology: poor growth and feathers + pale feet and skin + orange intestinal contents –> cull affected birds

Question 20

Mycoplasma gallisepticum

Answer 20

Chronic respiratory disease: classic triad necropsy of fibrinous pericarditis and perihepatitis + air sacculitis –> treat with tylosin or vaccinate

Question 21

Cnemidocoptes mite

Answer 21

Scaly leg mite: treat with ivermectin/moxidectin

Question 22

Dermanyssus gallinae

Answer 22

Poultry red mite: treat environment

Question 23

Laminosioptes cysticola

Answer 23

Subcutaneous mite: nodular lesions

Question 24

Ornithonyssus bursae

Answer 24

Tropical fowl mite: lesions of feathered regions around vent

Question 25

Syngamus trachea

Answer 25

Gapeworm: consumption of worms, snails or slugs + lives in trachea and lungs

Question 26

Bluecomb (turkeys)

Answer 26

Coronavirus causes transmissible enteritis

Question 27

Spontaneous cardiomyopathy (turkeys)

Answer 27

Round heart disease causes sudden death in young turkeys

Question 28

Turkey coryza

Answer 28

Bordatella avium with high morbidity causes URT signs

Question 29

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (turkeys)

Answer 29

Infectious sinusitis

Question 30

Histomonas meleagridis (turkeys)

Answer 30

Blackhead disease: Protozoa carried by heterakis gallinarum that is fatal to turkeys: necrosis of liver + cecum --> drooping wings, sulfur colored feces, unkempt feathers

Question 31

Avian (fowl) pox (turkeys)

Answer 31

Dry form = raised wart lesions, wet form = diphtheritic lesions of oral cavity and URT --> vaccinate

Question 32

Anaerobic infections

Answer 32

Clostridium or motile protozoa --> treat with metronidazole