Poultry Breeding and Genetics COPY Flashcards
(91 cards)
1
Q
What are the breeds in the American class used for?
A
Egg and meat production.
2
Q
What characteristics are shared among the breeds in the American Class?
A
- Yellow skin and shanks.
- Clean shanks.
- Red earlobes.
- Brown-shelled eggs.
3
Q
How much does the Jersey Giant weigh?
A
10-13 lbs.
*Largest American breed.
4
Q
What are the 2 varieties of Jersey Giants?
A
- Jersey Black Giants.
- Jersey White Giants.
5
Q
What comb style does the Jersey Giant have?
A
Single Comb.
6
Q
What is the plumage color of the Jersey Black Giant?
A
Black plumage
7
Q
What is the plumage color of the Jersey White Giant?
A
White plumage.
8
Q
How many eggs per year does the Jersey Giant lay?
A
260.
9
Q
What is the origin of the New Hampshire?
A
Developed from the RIR.
10
Q
How much does the New Hampshire weigh?
A
6.5-8.5 lbs.
11
Q
How is the plumage of the New Hampshire described?
A
Lighter red in color and less uniform.
12
Q
What variety of comb does the New Hampshire have?
A
Single comb.
13
Q
How many eggs per year does the New Hampshire produce?
A
280.
14
Q
What temperament does the New Hampshire have?
A
Competitive/aggressive.
15
Q
What is considered to be the oldest and most popular American Breed?
A
The Plymouth Rock.
16
Q
How much does the Plymouth Rock weigh?
A
7.5-9.5 lbs.
17
Q
What are the 2 most popular varieties of Plymouth Rock?
A
- White.
- Barred.
18
Q
How is the plumage of the white Plymouth Rock described?
A
Solid white.
19
Q
How is the plumage of the Barred Plymouth Rock described?
A
Black and white speckled.
20
Q
What type of comb does the Plymouth Rock have?
A
Single.
21
Q
How many eggs per year does the Plymouth Rock lay?
A
280.
22
Q
What kind of temperament does the Plymouth Rock have?
A
Calm.
23
Q
What 2 classes were developed from the Asiatic class?
A
- American.
- English.
24
Q
What are the breeds in the Asiatic class characterized by?
A
- Large bodies.
- Heavy bones.
- Feathered shanks.
- Yellow skin.
- Red ear lobes.
- Lay brown eggs.
25
What is the origin of the Brahma?
Originated in India and brought to America more than a century ago.
26
How is the plumage of the Brahma described?
Varies from light (with black, white-edged hackle feathers) to buff to dark. Well-feathered.
27
How much does the Brahma weigh?
9.5-12 lbs.
28
What kind of comb does the Brahma have?
Pea comb.
29
How many eggs per year does the Brahma produce?
150.
30
What temperament does the Brahma have?
Calm.
31
What is the origin of the Cochin?
Imported into the United States around 1847.
32
How is the plumage of the Cochin breed described?
Loose, extremely long, and abundant. 4 varieties: Black, Buff, White, and Partridge.
33
How much does the Cochin weigh?
8.5-11 lbs.
34
What kind of comb does the Cochin have?
Single comb.
35
How many eggs per year does the Cochin lay?
160.
36
What is the temperament of the Cochin?
Friendly.
37
What are characteristics of the English class?
1. White skin (except for the Cornish, which has yellow skin).
2. Fleshing properties.
3. Size.
38
What is the origin of the Australorp?
Developed in Australia from the Black Orpington.
39
How much does an Australorp weigh?
6.5-8.5 lbs.
40
What type of comb does the Australorp have?
Single comb.
41
Per year, how many eggs does the Australorp lay?
250 eggs.
42
How is the plumage of the Australorp described?
Dark black.
43
What is the temperament of the Australorp?
Docile/Hardy.
44
How much does the Orpington weigh?
8-10 lbs.
45
How is the plumage of the Orpington described?
1. Loose feathering.
2. Buff, White, Blue, and Black.
46
What kind of comb does the Orpington have?
Single comb.
47
How many eggs per year does the Orpington produce?
190.
48
What is the temperament of the Orpington?
Calm.
49
How much does the Ancona weigh?
4.5-6 lbs.
50
What are the characteristics of the Mediterranean Class?
1. White ear lobes.
2. Large comb.
3. Clean legs.
4. Early maturing.
5. White-shelled eggs.
6. Smaller than the other classes described.
7. Nervous disposition.
51
How is the plumage of the Ancona described?
Greenish-black, white-tipped.
52
What two comb types can the Ancona have?
1. Rose.
2. Single.
*Only way to tell the 2 varieties apart.
53
How many eggs per year does the Ancona lay?
180.
54
What is the temperament of the Ancona?
Active.
55
What is the origin of the Leghorn?
Egg production, especially the hybrids.
56
How much does the Leghorn weigh?
4.5-6 lbs.
57
How is the plumage of the Leghorn described?
White, Buff, Grey, or Brown.
58
What are the 2 types of combs that a Leghorn can have?
1. Single.
2. Rose.
59
How many eggs per year does the Leghorn lay?
280-300.
60
What kind of temperament does the Leghorn have?
Flighty
61
What are turkeys primarily raised for?
Meat.
62
What are the 5 varieties of turkeys?
1. Broad Breasted White.
2. Broad Breasted Bronze.
3. Bourbon Red.
4. White Holland.
5. Beltsville Small White.
63
What 3 traits are highly heritable in turkeys?
1. Color.
2. Size.
3. Conformation.
64
What are the usual mating practices used in turkeys?
1. Individual selection.
2. Mass mating.
65
What are the characteristics of the Broad Breasted White?
All the same as the Broad Breasted Bronze, except for having white plumage.
66
Why is the Broad Breasted White known to be a rapidly growing bird?
It has a high feed efficiency.
67
What two advantage do white feathers have?
1. Eliminates objectionable dark pinfeathers and dark skin pigmentation.
2. Reduced cost of processing the bird.
68
What % of market turkeys are Broad Breasted White?
>95%.
*Started to become the majority in the early 1970's.
69
What is the origin of the Broad Breasted Bronze?
Originated in the U.S. and was the prevalent market turkey from 1940-1960.
70
What kind of carcass does the Broad Breasted Bronze have?
Uniform, well-fleshed.
71
How much does a Broad Breasted Bronze tom weigh?
25-28 lbs.
72
How much does a Broad Breasted Bronze hen weigh?
15-16 lbs.
73
How is the plumage of the Broad Breasted Bronze described?
Black background with iridescent bronze, red, green, and copper.
74
What color do the head and wattle transition to from top to bottom in the Broad Breasted Bronze?
Bluish-white to red.
75
What is the origin of the White Holland?
Originated in Europe and is similar to Broad Breasted Bronze.
*Higher fertility and good egg layer.
76
How much does a White Holland tom weigh?
23-33 lbs.
77
How much does a White Holland hen weigh?
13-14 lbs.
78
How is the plumage of the White Holland described?
Pure white.
79
What color do the head and wattle transition to from top to bottom in the White Holland?
Red to pinkish-white.
80
What is the origin of the Beltsville Small White?
Developed at a USDA facility in Beltsville, Maryland.
81
How much does a Beltsville Small White tom weigh?
12-17 lbs.
82
How much does a Beltsville Small White hen weigh?
7-10 lbs.
83
How is the plumage of the Beltsville Small White described?
Pure white.
84
What color do the head and wattle transition to from top to bottom in the Beltsville Small White?
Red to pinkish-white.
85
What is the Beltsville Small White known for?
Being an egg producer with high hatchability and poor feed efficiency.
86
What is the origin of the Bourbon Red?
Developed in Kentucky. Is an egg producer near extinction.
87
How much does a Bourbon Red tom weigh?
23-33 lbs.
88
How much does a Bourbon Red hen weigh?
14-18 lbs.
89
How is the plumage on the breast, back, body, and wings of the Bourbon Red described?
Dark, rich, chestnut mahogany with black edged feathers.
90
How are the primary and secondary wing feathers of the Bourbon Red described?
Pure white.
91
How are the tail feathers of the Bourbon Red described?
White with a dimly outlined bar of red at the distal end of each.
