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HISTORY > POWER AND THE PEOPLE > Flashcards

POWER AND THE PEOPLE Flashcards

1
Q

Why were the barons unhappy with King John in the 12th centuary

A
  • He broke relations with the pope - risk of foreign invasion and going to hell
  • High taxes - scutage
  • Lost the crown jewels in the Wash
  • Lost lots of land in France
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2
Q

Where was Magna Carta signed

A

Runnymede

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3
Q

When was Magna Carta signed

A

15th June 1215

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4
Q

How many clauses on Magna Carta

A

63

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5
Q

Give clause 61 of Magna Carta

A

A group of 25 barons will be created to monitor the king and ensure he commits to Magna Carta

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6
Q

Give clause 61 of Magna Carta

A

A group of 25 barons will monitor the king and ensure he commits to Magna Carta

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7
Q

Why wasn’t Magna Carta significant

A

Only affected barons - not peasants and villeins

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8
Q

When was the Seige of Rochester

A

October 1215

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9
Q

Who was victorious at the Seige of Rochester

A

King John

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10
Q

When did the French land in England, to take control from King John

A

May 1216

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11
Q

When did King John die

A

October 1216

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12
Q

When did King John die

A

October 1216

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13
Q

Did Magna Carta limit the King’s power

A

Theoretically yes - but he could go against it and no one could stop him

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14
Q

Who was on the throne when Simon de Montfort was around

A

Henry III

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15
Q

Why were the barons unhappy with Henry III

A
  • Very pious - gave top jobs to Italian clergy
  • Close ties to the French - aided by his marriage
  • Gascon campaigns - he called de Montfort to trial for use of force to occupy French towns, and insisted his son Edward take charge
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16
Q

What year was the provisions of Oxford

A

1258

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17
Q

Give a clause of the Provisions of Oxford

A

The Great Council would have 12 elected by the barons, and 12 by the King

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18
Q

How did Henry overturn the Provisions of Oxford

A
  • Barons were in two about opinions of the Provisons of Oxford
  • The Pope allowed him to cancel the Provisions
  • He elected only his men
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19
Q

What happened at the Battle of Lewes

A
  • de Montfort had captured Henry
  • He was in charge
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20
Q

When was the Battle of Evesham

A

1265

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21
Q

What happened at the Battle of Evesham

A

The barons put their support behind Henry’s son, Edwards, and killed de Montfort sending pieces of his body around the country as a warning

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22
Q

What was the model parliament

A
  • In 1295, Edward established it
  • Only the barons could vote (and not in secret)
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23
Q

When did the plague arrive in England

A

1348

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24
Q

What proportion of the population did the plague kill

A

A third

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25
Q

Why was the Statute of Labourers passed

A

Many peasants had been wiped out by the plague so they were in high demand and demanding high pay, or moving to neighbouring villages

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26
Q

When was the Statue of Labourers passed

A

1351

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27
Q

What proportion of peasants were brought before Justice of the Peace accused of breaking the statute of labourers

A

70%

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28
Q

What did the statute of labourers state

A
  • Peasants must work for the same lord again
  • They must receive the same wage they recieved before
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29
Q

fjdsk

A

adjf

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30
Q

What tax was introduced to find the Hundred Year War

A

Poll tax - everyone over the age of 15 would have the pay 4 grouts a year

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31
Q

What religious influences did the peasants have to look up to in 1381

A
  • Preachings of John Ball
  • He was arrested
  • After the revolt, he was hung and cut up
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32
Q

Where did the Peasant’s revolt start

A

30th May in Fobbing

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33
Q

When and where did Wat Tyler meet King Richard II

A

14 June at Mile End

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34
Q

How did the peasant’s revolt end

A
  • One of the king’s men kills Tyler
  • The peasant’s follow the king out of London
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35
Q

What benefits did the Peasant’s revolt have

A
  • Poll tax was never repeated in the Medival people
  • Workers wages began to rise
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36
Q

When was the Act of Supremacy passed

A

1534

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37
Q

What did the Act of Supremacy entail

A
  • Became head of the Church of England
  • He no longer paid taxes to the Pope
  • He could divorce Cathrine of Aragon
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38
Q

How did Henry VIII respond to those who refused to see him as head of the church

A

With the help of Thomas Cromwell, passed a law to make it treason ot to accept Henry as the head of the church

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39
Q

Who was Thomas More

A

Henry VIII’s Lord Chancellor who was beheaded for refusing to accept Henry as head of the church

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40
Q

Why did Henry VIII dissolve the monastries

A
  • They controlled 1/4 of the land
  • Made an annual income of £200,000 - nearly double that of the king
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41
Q

What was the main opposition to Henry VIII’s religious reforms

A

Completely breaking from the church

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42
Q

Where did the Pilgrimage of Grace start, and who was their leader

A

Yorkshire in 1536, under the lawyer Robert Aske

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43
Q

Aims of the Pilgrimage of Grace

A
  • Restore monastries - they weren’t as corrupt in the North
  • Recognise the pope as head of the church
  • Dismiss Cromwell and other advisors who were giving the KIng poor advice
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44
Q

How was the Pilgrimage of Grace put down

A

In January 1537, the rebels surrendered and 74 of them were hanged in their own gardens

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45
Q

What was the benefit for Henry, after dissolving the monastries

A
  • He could build up the Royal Navy - he was still worried about a foreign attack
  • Henry faced no more rebellions
  • He had full control of the church in England
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46
Q

When did Charles I become king

A

1625

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47
Q

Why did Charles dissolve parliament

A

He was a firm believer in the Divine Right of Kings

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48
Q

When did Charles begin his 11 year tyranny

A

1629

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49
Q

Who was Charles I married to, and why was this a problem

A

Henrietta Maria - she was a catholic and a big influence on Charles I

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50
Q

What tax was introduced in 1637, and what was the problem

A

Ship Money - normally only those living by the coast would pay it, however Charles made everyone pay

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51
Q

What was the star chamber

A

A court for anyone where Charles I was in charge

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52
Q

What was the short parliament

A
  • After 11 years Charles re-called parliament as he needed money to fight the Scots
  • They agreed on some terms
  • He dissolved them again after a month
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53
Q

When did Parliament take control of the army from Charles I

A

1640

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54
Q

Who were the roundheads and who supported them

A
  • Parliament
  • Lower and middle classes
  • Southern + London
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55
Q

Who were the cavaliers

A
  • Royalists
  • Upper classes
  • Northern
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56
Q

How did the roundheads and caveliers fight in the English Civil War

A

Cavalry and Infantry

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57
Q

Significance of the Battle of Naseby, 1645

A
  • The New Model Army under Cromwell was first used
  • Their 14,000 men outnumbered the king’s 9,000 men
  • They defeated the royalists - it was seen as a turning point
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58
Q

How many turned up Charles I trial

A

68/135 commissioners

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59
Q

When was Charles I found guilty of treason and sentenced to death

A

27th January 1649

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60
Q

When was Charles I executed

A

10AM 30th January 1649

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61
Q

Where was Charles executed

A

Whitehall

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62
Q

Significance of the execution of Charles for jews

A

They were invited back to England for the first time since 1290

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63
Q

Positive impacts Cromwell had as Lord Protector

A
  • Won wars against the Dutch and Spanish
  • Introduced Navigation Act
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64
Q

When did Charles II become king

A

1660

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65
Q

What is England and Scotland called at the time they were ruled by Cromwell

A

Protectorate

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66
Q

How many colonies did Britain have in America, and what was their total population

A

13 colonies, with a population of 2.5mil

67
Q

What economic policies did the colonists not want to pay

A
  • Stamp Tax 1765
  • Navigation Acts
  • Tax for British soilders to defend them
68
Q

What economic resentmetns did the colonists have

A
  • Tax for the British army to protect them from foreign powers
  • Stamp Tax of 1765
  • Navigation Acts
69
Q

jhgjb

A

hgnib g

70
Q

What did the American saying ‘No taxation without representation’ mean

A

As the colonists were ruled by Britain, but had no politicians within the House of Commons, they shouldn’t be expected to pay taxes

71
Q

When was the Boston Massacre

A

1770

72
Q

What was the result of taxation on tea

A

Boston Tea Party

73
Q

What was the Lexington incident

A
  • When the British Army tried to sieze a supply of gunpowder in Concord
  • 20,00 ‘minutemen’ fired on them
74
Q

Who was made the leader of the American Revolution

A

George Washington in 1775

75
Q

What happened at the Battle of Yorktown in 1781

A
  • The British Commander, Charles Cornwallis moved into a peninsula
  • Washington attacked
  • The British were foreced into surrender
76
Q

What about the consitution was still unfair

A

Only rich white men were represented

77
Q

What other revolution was inspired by the American Revolution

A

French Revolution

78
Q

What was the problem with voting in the early 19th century

A
  • Rotten boroughs - areas that sent MP’s even though no one lived there
  • Pocket boroughs - areas that sent MP’s and it was only the rich that lived there
  • Cities like Birmingham had no MP’s
  • No secret ballot
  • No women
78
Q

Year of Peterloo

A

1819

79
Q

Year of Peterloo

A

1819

80
Q

What occured at Peterloo

A
  • 60,000 peaceful protestors
  • Listen to speeches by Henry Hunt
  • Within 10mins, 600 wounded and 10 killed by local militia
81
Q

Government response to Peterloo

A
  • Government introduced the ‘Six Acts’
  • Any meeting of more than 50 people for radical reform was treason
82
Q

When was the Great Reform Act

A

1832

83
Q

Points of the Great Reform Act

A
  • Small locations loose MP’s
  • London and other cities given more MP’s
  • People with salary over £150 a year can vote
84
Q

Why was the Great Reform Act passed on the third time

A

The house of lords didn’t want to pass a law that gave power to the lower classes

85
Q

Who was the leader of the Chartists, and when + where was their first meeting

A
  • William Lovett
  • Birmingham
  • 1839
86
Q

Demands of the people’s charter

A
  • Votes for all men
  • Secret voting
  • Wages for MP’s
87
Q

How many demands were on the people’s charter

A

6

88
Q

What 2 branches of chartism came, after the first people’s charter was rejected

A
  • Lovett - promoted temperance and passive methods
  • O’Connor - physical response
89
Q

By 1928 how many aims of the chartists had been fufilled

A

All but one

90
Q

Why did the Chartists fail

A
  • O’Connor met with supporters on Kennington Common in 1848
  • The thrid petition was deemed a farce, with thousands of fake signitures, and some from Queen Victoria
  • There was also a difference of opinions between O’Connor and Lovett
91
Q

What were the corn laws

A
  • When Britain was at war with France, farmers had the monopoly of wheat
  • After the war, trade with France enabled cheaper wheat to be sold
  • In 1815, the law was passed, keeping the price of wheat high
92
Q

What were the corn laws

A
  • When Britain was at war with France, farmers had the monopoly of wheat
  • After the war, trading resumed, and Frecnh farmers were able to sell wheat for a lower price
  • In 1815, the laws were passed to keep the price of wheat high
93
Q

Who was in charge of the ‘leaguers’

A

Richard Cobden and John Bright

94
Q

Who was the PM when Cobden and Bright were elected as MP’s in 1841, and 1843

A

Robert Peel - he was a supporter of free trade of corn, but his party members would not support changes to the laws, to protect their wealth

95
Q

How did the Irish potatoe famine affect the corn laws

A
  • The Irish depended on bread even more
  • Less was avaliable for those in England
  • Prices further increased
96
Q

When were the corn laws repealed

A

Peel repealed them in 1846

97
Q

How many slaves died crossing the atlantic per voyage

A

A third

98
Q

Life expectancy of a slave

A

27

99
Q

Leader of the anti-slavery society

A

William Wilberforce

100
Q

Anti-slavery people of interest

A
  • Olaudah Equiano
  • Thomas Clarkson
  • Granville Sharp
101
Q

When was slavery abolished

A

1807 - illegal to buy and sell people
1833 - Illegal to own slaves [with limitations]

102
Q

What group of people were anti-abolitionists

A

Those who had slaves, as they would have to pay them

103
Q

How did the resistance by the enslaved people of St Dominique form Haiti

A
  • The enslaved people killed the plantation owners
  • Burnt the sugar crops
  • Led by Toussaint L’Ouverture
  • Prevented the British and French counter
  • Declared independant and became haiti
104
Q

Limitations of the Abolition of Slavery Act 1833

A
  • Only freed people under the age of 6
  • The rest promised freedom after 4 years
  • Smuggling was done in secret - no one was regulating conditions
105
Q

When did the industrial revolution start

A

Around 1750

106
Q

What was the 10 hour movement

A

MP Micheal Sadler suggested that those under 18 shouldn’t have to work more than 10 hours a day

107
Q

Why were people against factory reform

A

They believed in laissez-faire politics

108
Q

Factory reform acts

A
  • Factory Act of 1833
  • Mines Act of 1842
109
Q

Key Individuals campaigning for factory and social reform

A

Robert Owen (working day) + Elizabeth Fry (Prison conditions)

110
Q

Who were luddites

A

They would deliberately break machinery in hope factory owners would turn away from technology

111
Q

What and when was the Combination Act

A
  • 1825
  • Put tight regulations on trade union meetings
  • Stopped picketing
112
Q

What was the significance of the 1837 Scottish Friendly Accociation of Cotton Spinners strike

A
  • Unhappy with pay
  • Refuse to work until demands were met
  • Harrased and even shot those willing to work for the low wage
  • The leaders were arrested
113
Q

What was the significance of the 1837 Scottish Friendly Accociation of Cotton Spinners strike

A
  • Unhappy with pay
  • Refuse to work until demands were met
  • Harrased and even shot those willing to work for the low wage
  • The leaders were arrested
114
Q

What was the first New Model Union and what did they do

A
  • Amalgamated Society of Engineers (ASE)
  • 1851
  • Pay weekly subscriptions
  • Ensure they recieved sick pay and other benefits
  • Had 33,000 members in 1868
  • Carpenters followed in 1860
  • Tailors followed in 1866
115
Q

When was the matchbox factory strike

A

July 1888

116
Q

Demands of matchbox strike

A

Higher wages for women and improve working conditions to prevent injuries like ‘phossy jaw’

117
Q

How succsesful was the matchbox girls strike

A

The employers agreed to demands - first sussessful strike by unskilled manual workers

118
Q

When did the dockers go on strike

A

1889

119
Q

Demands of the dockers

A

Increase of pay from 5 pence to 6 pence an hour and security to work at least 4 hours a day

120
Q

Leader of the dockers

A

Ben Tillet

121
Q

Were the dockers succsessful

A

Yes - they got their pay rise and job security

122
Q

How did protest allow the Tolpuddle Martyrs to return to England

A
  • At Copenhagen Fields thousands of working-class supporters gathered
  • In 1836, all 6 Tolpuddle Martyrs were given a full pardon and allowed to return from Australia
123
Q

What act was passed in 1870, allowing women to control their own income and property after marriage

A

Married Women’s Property Act

124
Q

What was working life like for women in the eary 20th century

A
  • Paid less than men for the same job
  • Expected to leave their jobs upon marriage
125
Q

Leader of suffragists (NUWSS)

A

Millicent Fawcett

126
Q

How did the suffragists campaign for the vote

A

Peaceful methods like meetings, speeches, posters and letters

127
Q

How did the suffragettes form

A

In 1903, in the Manchester branch of the NUWSS, Emmeline Pankhurst with her daughters (Sylvia and Christabel) formed the WSPU

128
Q

What did the WSPU stand for

A

Women’s social and political union

129
Q

Who wrote the Married Women’s Property Act

A

Richard Pankhurst - Emmeline Pankhurst’s wife

130
Q

What tactics would the suffragettes use

A
  • Heckling MP’s during speeches
  • Smashing windows with stones
  • Arson attacks and blowing up MP buildings
  • It gave them more publicity
131
Q

What happened at the Epsom Derby in 1913

A
  • Emily Wilding Davison ran on to the race course
  • She may have been trying to place a rosette on the King’s horse but got trampled
  • She died of her injuries in hospital
132
Q

What was the cat and mouse act

A
  • Women arrested would go on hunger strike in prison
  • Force feeding became too dangerous
  • Women would be discharged when they became too weak
  • Once healthy enough they would be re-arrested
  • Public sympathy grew as a result
133
Q

What did the NUWSS and the WSPU do to support the war effort, and what result did that have

A
  • United
  • Worked in factories, farms or on the front lines as nurses
  • it prooved women could make clear-headed descions
  • They ran the home while husbands were fighting
  • It prooved women could do it all
134
Q

What wass the voting act passed in 1918

A
  • Representation of the People Act
  • Men over 21 could vote
  • Women over 21 could vote if they had property
  • Other women had to be over 30
135
Q

When did all women get the vote

A

1928

136
Q

When did Empire Windrush arrive in Tilbury

A

June 1948

137
Q

Who was on board Empire Windrush

A

492 people from the Caribbean

138
Q

What was the British Nationality Act

A

Allowed anyone within the British Empire to come to Britain and gain citizenship

139
Q

Why did the British Government encourage immigrants people to come to Britain

A

Shortage of labour - trying to rebuild after war and needed low paid unskilled workers like bus drivers

140
Q

What happend at the Notting Hill Riots, 1958

A

Young white men like the ‘Teddy Boys’ felt young immigrants were stealing their women and so rioted, and attacked some immigrant residences

141
Q

What happened to highly skilled immigrants

A
  • Many were forced to take low paying jobs as their qualifications weren’t recognised
  • Some were able to join the new NHS service
142
Q

How many immigrants were in Britain in 1962

A

82,000

143
Q

When were immigration acts passed, limiting how people could immigrate

A

1962, 1968, 1971

144
Q

When did the British government offer voluntary repatriation

A

1971

145
Q

Who was a prominant anti-immigration MP, and what speech did he give

A

Enoch Powell - ‘Rivers of blood’ speech

146
Q

What was the National Front

A

People who wonated non-white immigrants to reutrn to their countries of origin. Many identified with Hiterl’s policies in Nazi Germany

147
Q

When were acts passed by the government to aid immigrant settlers intergration

A

1965, 1968, 1976

148
Q

What was the ‘sus law’ and how did it aid racial profiling

A
  • Pain clothes officers could stop and search anyone
  • More than 1000 people were stopped in 6days
149
Q

How did the Brixton Riots start

A
  • The arrest of a young black man
  • Rumours of police brutality
  • Young black people fought the police and set fires. to buildings and veichles
150
Q

What did the Scarman Report conclude

A

The Metropolitan Police was institutionally racist

151
Q

What case shows the racism within the police

A

The murder of Stephen Lawrence - the police failed to respond due to him being a young black man

152
Q

Why were coal mines failing after the first world war

A
  • The government denationalised them mines
  • Inefficient mines were closed down
  • Automatic machinery reduced the need for extra workers
  • Foreign competition - especially Germany had much more modern mines
153
Q

When was Black Friday

A

15th April 1921

154
Q

What was announced on Black Friday

A

Extension of the working day. anda drop in wages

155
Q

What did the TUC announce on Black Friday

A

Other industries would strike in solidarity but the railway and dockers pulled out so the miners returned to work with the new conditions

156
Q

When did the General Strike begin

A

3rd May 1926

157
Q

How long did the General Strike last

A

9 days

158
Q

What government action was taken to stop the General Strike

A
  • Used Emergency Powers Act from WW1 to arrange for the army to take over the jobs of striking workers
  • Started a propaganda campaign with the newspaper ‘The British Gazette’ (edited by Winston Churchill)
  • Stanley Baldwin made speeches fuelling the public fear of communism
  • Armoured veichles with machine guns were sent to cities
159
Q

What and when was. theTrade Unions Act

A
  • 1927
  • Illegal for unions to join together. to strike
160
Q

Why did the General Strike end

A

The TUC ran out of money to support it

161
Q

After WW2, how did unions build better relations with the government

A

The government natioanlised key industries like coal, aviation, railways, electricity and gas

162
Q

When was the Miner’s strike

A

1984 - Led by Scargill

163
Q

Unemployment rate in 1985

A

3million

HISTORY (5 decks)

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