power and the people - early modern

Question 1

Why did Henry VIII support the reformation?

Answer 1

He saw the pope as a competing power
He wanted a divorce from Catherine of Aragon but the pope wouldn’t allow it
He wouldn’t have to pay taxes if he was the head of the church himself

Question 2

Why were people unhappy about Henry’s changes?

Answer 2

Prices continued to rise
Landowners lost influence - ones who had been supporters of Catherine of Aragon
Cornwall was hated by landowners
Many people wanted the monestaries back

Question 3

When was the pilgrimage of grace?

Answer 3

1536

Question 4

What were the peoples demands in the pilgrimage of grace?

Answer 4

Restore the monasteries
Recognise the pope as the head of the church
Dismiss Cromwell

Question 5

How was the leader of the pilgrimage of grace?

Answer 5

Robert Aske

Question 6

When was the act of supremacy and what was it?

Answer 6

1524
Created the Church of England

Question 7

What were the religious impacts of the pilgrimage of grace?

Answer 7

Failed to stop the dissolution of the Monasteries
In 1539 many larger ones were dissolved

Question 8

What were the economic impacts of the pilgrimage of grace?

Answer 8

The economy improved with the money from the monestaries
Landowners bought the monestary land

Question 9

What were the political effects of the Pilgramage of Grace?

Answer 9

No more rebellions took part during Henry’s reign
Cromwell was executed in 1540 after he fell out of favour

Question 10

When did Henry break from Rome?

Answer 10

1534

Question 11

How many people took part in the pilgrimage of grace?

Answer 11

40,000

Question 12

What did Henry do when he met the rebels?

Answer 12

Accepted their demands and pardoned them - but broke the promises

Question 13

What happened to Robert aske?

Answer 13

He was killed

Question 14

Who was the king during the English revolution?

Answer 14

Charles I

Question 15

What were the economic causes of the English revolution?

Answer 15

He taxed everyone with ship money in 1637
The short parliament would not give him money to fight the scots

Question 16

What were the religious causes of the English revolution?

Answer 16

He believed in the divine right of kings
He married a french catholic - Henrietta Maria
The church became more catholic
A new prayer book in 1637 upset the Scot’s
Puritans wrote critically and were punished

Question 17

What were the political causes of the English revolution?

Answer 17

The king had favourites - like the Duke of Buckingham
He ruled without parliament from 1629
The Scot’s defeated his army - then invaded England

Question 18

When did the English revolution begin?

Answer 18

1642

Question 19

Who were the cavaliers?

Answer 19

Royalists
Wealthy landowners who didn’t want to lose their wealth
Were worried about the growing influence of parliament
Mainly in northern england

Question 20

Who were the Roundheads?

Answer 20

Parliamentarians
Were supported by middle class and peasants
Mainly in southern England and London
Weren’t happy about the taxes
Didn’t support Charles

Question 21

Who was Oliver Cromwell?

Answer 21

MP for Cornwall
Created New Model Army
A puritan

Question 22

What did Oliver Cromwell want?

Answer 22

Full removal of the king - most other people only wanted a removal of the royal reforms

Question 23

What was the New Model Army?

Answer 23

He recruited men on ability not privilege
They were disciplined and lived by strict religous an moral code
They couldn’t drink or swear

Question 24

How many men did the royalists have and the new model army?

Answer 24

Royalists - 9,000
New model - 14,000

Question 25

What was the second civil war?

Answer 25

1647-48 Charles surrendered to the Scottish army which put him on trial However he encouraged the Scottish to invade England 1648 the Scot’s were defeated by the new model army

Question 26

When was Charles I put on trial?

Answer 26

1649

Question 27

What happened during Charles I trial?

Answer 27

He was found guilty and sentenced to death However it took them 3 days to find someone willing to execute him

Question 28

What happened after Charles I execution?

Answer 28

Oliver Cromwell became the leader of the commonwealth - England was a republic

Question 29

What were the justifications for the kings execution?

Answer 29

Parliament had heard Charles had approved of the ill treatment of parliamentary forces The kings defeat was a sign of Gods Providence There was a new sense of freedom People wanted to end taxes

Question 30

Who were the Levellers?

Answer 30

A group of men who spread the idea of votes for all men and a more equal society

Question 31

Who were the diggers?

Answer 31

Similar to the levellers - but wanted land reform

Question 32

How did religion develop under the commonwealth?

Answer 32

Cromwell was a puritan and wanted society to reflect his beliefs But people were free to worship however they liked Jews (banished in 1290) were invited back

Question 33

What was the navigation act and when was it?

Answer 33

1651 Stated only English ships could arrive or leave England

Question 34

How did politics change under Cromwell?

Answer 34

He won wars against the Spanish and Dutch - restoring their reputation Appointed 11 major generals to the districts he created

Question 35

What happened under Cromwell death?

Answer 35

Charles II was called to the throne

Question 36

Who was summoned to England and were the allowed to reign as absolute monarchs?

Answer 36

Mary and William of orange They had to sign the bill of rights - could only reign with parliaments consent

Question 37

What were the short term causes of the American revolution?

Answer 37

They disagreed with land boundaries with the native amaericans They didn’t like paying for the British armies presence in Canada Navigation acts meant they could only trade with britain

Question 38

What were the medium term causes of the American revolution?

Answer 38

They had no representatives in British parliament Stamp tax - a tax on all documents Unhappy about paying taxes with no representation

Question 39

What were the short term causes of the American revolution?

Answer 39

1770 Boston massacre - British army shot and killed some anti British colonists 1775 Boston tea party - poured British tea into the harbour in protest of the tea tax 1775 Lexington incident - British soldiers were fired when they tried to seize some gunpowder - start of war

Question 40

When was the declaration of independence issued?

Answer 40

1776

Question 41

When was the battle of Yorktown?

Answer 41

1781

Question 42

How many more men did the Americans have in the battle of Yorktown - and who supported them?

Answer 42

3000 The french

Question 43

When were the British forced to surrender?

Answer 43

Battle of Yorktown 1781

Question 44

What did America do when they got independence?

Answer 44

Set up a constitution, congress and a president Poor people didn’t get the vote even though they stated all men are equal Slavery still existed

Question 45

What were the consequences for Britain after the American revolution?

Answer 45

Relations with France worsened They used Australia and New Zealand as new penal colonies India became the most important colony

Question 46

What was the short term significance of the American revolution?

Answer 46

First time anyone had rejected rule by a European country Reaffirmation in basic human rights War cost the brits a lot of money

Question 47

What were the long term impacts of the American revolution?

Answer 47

Inspired the French Revolution Inspired the working class in Britain to demand voting rights and representation Trade relations with America improved Trade with India and Canada improved Sparked a debate for the rationale of having an empire

Question 48

Who were fighting in Quebec?

Answer 48

The french