Power and the people - henry III Flashcards
who was simon de montfort
an english aristocrat and close friend of henry III
how did simon de montfort anger henry III
he married henrys sister eleanor
accumulated many debts
why was henrys relationship with the church strained
had to make payments to pope innocent iv
had to fight wars on behalf of the pope
was threatened with excommunication if he didnt pay
how did the barons feel about henry and the church
angry, henry was increasing taxes on them to pay the pope
henry was giving italians clergy positions
how did barons feel about henry and france
concerned
married eleanor of provence
frenchmen we’re allowed into parliament
relationship with private tutor (peter de roches) made barons think they’d come under foreign rule
what was happening with campaigns in gascony
gascony faced open revolts in 1230 so henry increased taxes to win back territory
first attempted failed so he sent in simon de montfort in 1248
reports come back of montforts use of force so he interrogates him
montfort was offended then was denied control of campaign
monfort nearly joins french
what were the provisions of oxford and westminster (6)
15 barons be in charge of great council
chancellor would lead council and sign a law once accepted by king and council
15 barons would be elected by 24 voters, 12 from king and 12 from barons
foreign members of royal household banished
castles must be held by englishmen
each county to have its own sheriff and taxes will be decided locally
how did the peasants react to to the provisions
still lacked a say in government
but could now raise complaints and propose reforms
how did the barons react to the provisions
happy with the changes as the king won’t make bad decisions without their advice
those under them can now propose legal changes (boo democracy)
how did the knights and burgesses react to the provisions
beginning to have a bigger say in local government
controlled shires and hundreds on behalf of nobility and were being given role of sheriffs
increasing role in englands affairs
how did henry react to the provisions
lost most of his power
can’t do anything without barons approval
forced to accept a document he didn’t agree with
what were the four main reasons for the second barons war
henry ignored provisions (formally rejected it in 1261)
had lost 2 major wars in france
had increased taxes in order to pay the pope
barons believed he was too close to the french
when was the second barons war
1264 - 1267
what were the two main battles in the second barons war
battle of lewes 1264
battle of eversham 1265
what happened at lewes and eversham
lewes - king and prince edward are captured
evesham - prince edwards army defeat simon and the barons
