Power Point 2 Flashcards
(16 cards)
What percentage of votes did the DC receive in the 1948 Italian elections?
48.51%
The 1948 elections marked the beginning of the Italian Republic, with the DC emerging as a leading party.
What major reforms were introduced in Italy during the 1960s and 1970s?
- Compulsory Middle School (1963)
- Divorce Law (1970)
- Statute of the Workers (1970)
- New Family Law (1975)
- New Labor Law (1977)
- Abortion Law (1978)
These reforms were significant in changing social norms and legal frameworks in Italy.
What event is referred to as the ‘Piano Solo’ Coup?
A coup attempt led by General De Lorenzo in the summer of 1964
The coup aimed to prevent the left from gaining power during a time of political instability.
What occurred during the Piazza Fontana Massacre on December 12, 1969?
- A bomb exploded in the National Agrarian Bank in Milan
- 17 people were killed and 88 injured
- Additional bombs were detonated in Milan and Rome
This event marked a significant moment of political violence in Italy’s history.
Who was Giuseppe Pinelli and what happened to him?
A railway worker arrested in connection with the Piazza Fontana Massacre; he died under suspicious circumstances while in police custody
His death was officially ruled a suicide, but many believe it was a cover-up.
What was the outcome of the 1974 divorce referendum in Italy?
It was a debacle for the DC and the Church
The referendum highlighted the shifting societal views on divorce and family law.
What was the significance of the Bologna Massacre on August 2, 1980?
- A terrorist bombing at Bologna Central Station
- 85 people killed and 219 injured
- Attributed to the neo-fascist group Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari (NAR)
The attack raised concerns about domestic terrorism in Italy.
What does the term ‘Strategy of Tension’ refer to?
A strategy involving bombings and political violence in Italy during the late 1960s and 1970s to create a climate of fear
This period included numerous bombings aimed at destabilizing the government and influencing public opinion.
Fill in the blank: In 1978, DC President Aldo Moro was _______.
kidnapped and killed by the Red Brigades
Moro’s assassination had a profound impact on Italian politics and society.
What was the Ambrosiano Affair?
The collapse of Banco Ambrosiano, involving financial scandals and connections to the Vatican Bank
It revealed deep financial corruption and led to numerous investigations.
Who was Roberto Calvi and what happened to him?
General Manager of Banco Ambrosiano; found dead under suspicious circumstances in London in 1982
His death raised numerous conspiracy theories regarding his involvement in financial scandals.
What happened to lawyer Giorgio Ambrosoli in 1979?
He was killed after uncovering criminal activities related to Michele Sindona
Ambrosoli’s murder highlighted the dangers faced by those investigating organized crime.
What did the Vatican agree to do regarding the losses from Banco Ambrosiano?
Pay a substantial amount of the loss without accepting liability
This decision was controversial and reflected the Vatican’s complicated financial relationships.
In what year did Emanuela Orlandi disappear?
1983
Her disappearance remains one of the most mysterious cases associated with the Vatican.
What was the outcome of the ‘Year of the Three Popes’ in 1978?
John Paul I died after one month; John Paul II was elected
This year was marked by significant changes in the papacy and raised speculation about internal Church politics.
True or False: John Paul I was rumored to have planned to fire Paul Marcinkus.
True
This rumor is linked to the Banco Ambrosiano scandal and the surrounding controversies.
