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Russian History > Power Struggle > Flashcards

Power Struggle Flashcards

1
Q

What were the three issues which divided the party?

A
  • Bureaucracy vs rule of the proletariat
  • Permanent revolution vs Socialism in One Country
  • the role of the peasants and rapid industrialisation
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2
Q

What did those who wanted bureaucracy want?

A

A centralisation of power

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3
Q

What did those who wanted the rule of the proletariat want?

A

An end to the extension of the bureaucratic government and a return to the ideals of the revolution with a broad based government guided by the will of the people

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4
Q

Did Trotsky want bureaucracy or rule of the proletariat?

A

The rule of the proletariat

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5
Q

Did stalin wan bureaucracy or the rule of the proletariat?

A

Bureaucracy

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6
Q

Why did Stalin want a bureaucratic government?

A

Because as general secretary he would gain more influence

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7
Q

What is the theory of permanent revolution?

A

The idea that a socialist country could not be built in Russia unless the revolution spread to other parts of the world

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8
Q

What is “socialism in one country”?

A

The idea that Russia, with its vast resources could build a socialist country alone. There was no need for a world revolution

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9
Q

Did Trotsky believe in permanent revolution or socialism in one country?

A

Permanent revolution

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10
Q

Did Stalin want permanent revolution or socialism in one country?

A

Socialism in one country

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11
Q

Who won the debate between permanent revolution and why?

A

Stalin

The masses and the party, after enjoying stability since 1922 desired normality

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12
Q

What did Stalin believe the role of the peasants was?

A

To produce sufficient food for the industrial workers

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13
Q

Why did Stalin think Russia needed to industrialise rapidly?

A

They were surrounded by capitalist enemies and needed to catch up with them

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14
Q

Who was in the triumvirate against Trotsky?

A

Kamenev, Zinoviev and Stalin

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15
Q

What were Trotsky major mistakes in the first stages of the power struggle? (4)

A
  • he under estimates Stalin
  • doesn’t go to Lenins funeral
  • doesn’t go to twelfth party congress to defend himself
  • resigns as commissar for military and naval stuff
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16
Q

What was formed in July 1926?

A

The united opposition

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17
Q

When did the united opposition form?

A

July 1926

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18
Q

Who was in the united opposition?

A

Kamenev, Zinoviev and Trotsky

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19
Q

What was the united opposition?

A

An anti Stalinist bloc which aimed at opposing the policies of the right

20
Q

Which significant person backed the united opposition?

A

Krupskaya (Lenins widow)

21
Q

What was the outcome of the united opposition for Trotsky?

A
  • expelled from the party

* exiled

22
Q

What is the outcome of the united opposition for Kamenev?

A

He loses his seat on the central committee

23
Q

What are the outcomes of the united opposition for Zinoviev?

A
  • lost position as head on Comintern
  • expelled from party
  • removed from politburo
24
Q

When are Trotsky and Zinoviev expelled from the party?

A

December 1927

25
Q

Who is expelled from the party in December 1927?

A

Trotsky and Zinoviev

26
Q

Where is Trotsky exiled to?

A

First to Alma Ata in Kazakhstan and then to Turkey

27
Q

What issue where the right opposition concerned with?

A

The treatment of the peasants

28
Q

Who was in the right opposition?

A

Bukharin, Tomsky and Rykov

29
Q

What happened to Tomsky after being invoked in the right opposition?

A
  • replaced as leader of trade unions

* not re-elected to politburo

30
Q

What happens to Bukharin after opposing Stalin from the right?

A
  • forced to resign as editor of Pravda

* expelled from central committee

31
Q

What happened to rykov after opposing Stalin from the right?

A

Expelled from the central committee

32
Q

Strengths of Trotsky (4)

A
  • intellectual and theorist
  • key role in revolutions
  • leadership skills (organisation)
  • helped win civil war
33
Q

Weaknesses of Trotsky (5)

A
  • late convert to Bolshevism
  • disliked by colleagues due to arrogance
  • feared by party members (may seize power with red army)
  • no base within party
  • errors of judgment
34
Q

Strengths of Stalin (5)

A
  • general secretary of the party
  • theorist
  • understood opponents
  • close to Lenin at time of his death
  • triumvirate
35
Q

Weaknesses of Stalin

A
  • colleagues saw him as cruel and violent
  • played minor rule in revolutions
  • Lenin turned against him
36
Q

Strengths of Kamenev (3)

A
  • an old Bolshevik
  • power base in Moscow
  • thoughtful and intelligent (could soothe disputes among colleagues)
37
Q

Weaknesses of Kamenev (4)

A
  • flip flipper
  • linked to Zinoviev who was more popular
  • lacked drive and ambition
  • underestimated enemies
38
Q

Strengths of Zinoviev (4)

A
  • old Bolshevik
  • in Lenins favour
  • party boss in Leningrad
  • member of politburo and spokesperson for the central committee
39
Q

Weaknesses of Zinoviev (3)

A
  • opposed coup in October
  • underestimated rivals
  • late to go against Stalin
40
Q

Strengths of Bukharin (3)

A
  • popular within party
  • best theoretician
  • expert in economics and agriculture
41
Q

Weaknesses of Bukharin (2)

A
  • tactical mistakes

* no power base

42
Q

Strengths of Rykov (3)

A
  • respected
  • administrative ability
  • support from savnarkom
43
Q

Weaknesses of Rykov (3)

A
  • argued with Lenin
  • overshadowed by Bukharin
  • lacked power base
44
Q

Strengths of Tomsky (3)

A
  • old Bolshevik
  • general secretary of trage unions
  • ally of moderates
45
Q

Weaknesses of Tomsky (3)

A
  • handed power to Stalin by helping him purge the left
  • targeted by Stalin
  • supported NEP during grain crisis

Russian History (16 decks)

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