POWERPOINT Flashcards by Duclayan Zedric Don C.

Piston Engines

Turbo Propeller Engines

Gas Turbine Engines

General Engine Instrumentation

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Pressure Measurement

Temperature Measurement

Pressure and Temperature Sensors

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Manifold Pressure (MAP)

Engine Pressure Ratio (EPR)

Fuel and Oil Pressures

Temperature Indicators

Cylinder Head Pressure

Exhaust Gas Temperature

Fuel and Oil Temperatures

Pressure and Temperature Indicators

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Tachometers

Magnetic Drag Tachometer

Tacho-Generator and Indicator System

Tachometer Probe and Indicator System

Propeller Auxiliary Systems

Synchronisation System

Synchrophasing System

Operation of a Synchrophasing System

RPM Indicators and Propeller Synchronizer Systems

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Torque Meter

Negative Torque Sensing

Engine Torque Measurement

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Vibration Monitoring System

Vibration Monitoring

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Measurement of Fuel Quantity

Float Type

Ratio Meter Type

Fuel Gauge Capacitance Type of Fuel Gauge

Fuel Totalizer

Fuel Flow

Fuel Gauge

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EICAS Architecture

Engine Displays

Crew Alerting

Warnings (Level A)

Cautions (Level B

Advisories (Level C

Master Warning/Caution Light

Inhibits

Display Status

Maintenance

EICAS Failure Modes

EICAS

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Engine I Warning (EIW) CRT Display

The System I Status (SIS) CRT Display

ECAM System Architecture

Flight Warning Computers (FWCS)

Display management Computers (DMC)

System Data Acquisition Concentrators (SDAC)

ECAM Control Panel (ECPAttention Getters

ECAM System

Failure Categorization

System Operation

ECAM

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(?) is vital to maintain the safe and efficient
operation of the aircraft engines and their associated systems.

Instrumentation

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It varies according to the type of engines fitted (e.g. piston,
turboprop, or gas turbine), and in many cases the individual
instruments are identical.

Engine Instrumentation

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Engine Speed

Induction Manifold Pressure, or Boost Pressure
(MAP)

Torque or Turning Moment

Cylinder Head Temperature

Lubricating Oil Pressure and Temperature

Fuel Flow

Fuel Quantity

Fuel Pressure

PISTON ENGINES

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This is a measure of how much work is being
done by the engine, and is measured in
revolutions per minute (rpm).

ENGINE SPEED

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-is the indicator that
indicates the engine
speed

TACHOMETER

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This is a measure of the engine power of a
supercharged engine (absolute pressure).

Manifold Pressure

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is usually given in inches of mercury (in Hg),
and boost is normally measured in pounds per square
inch (psi).

Manifold Pressure

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Acts on the output shaft of the engine and is
proportional to the horsepower developed.

Torque or Turning Moment

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It is occasionally used to provide information for
power control

Torque or Turning Moment

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This temperature is important because excessive
temperatures can cause engine damage.

Cylinder Head Temperature

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The temperature is measured in degrees Celsius
(0C).

Cylinder Head Temperature

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measure the temperature of the cylinder head

Cylinder Head Temperature

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Ensures adequate lubrication of the engine. In
pressure terms it may be HIGH or LOW, whereas
the temperature is usually in degrees Celsius
(0C).

(Lubricating) Oil Pressure and Temperature

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-Provides a measure of the economy of the engine,
and is measured in pounds, kilograms or
gallons/hour.
- indicates the flow of the fuel.

Fuel Flow

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Ensures that there is sufficient fuel to
complete the flight, and is measured as Fuel
Mass or Volume.

Fuel Quantity

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Measured using a pressure gauge, and any drop in fuel pressure may indicate a partially blocked fuel filter.

Fuel Pressure

TURBO PROPELLER ENGINES For an aircraft with a turbo propeller engine, the parameters that require monitoring are the:

- RPM  Torque  Engine Exhaust Gas Temperatures (EGT), measured in °C.  Lubricating oil pressure  Lubricating oil temperature  Fuel flow  Fuel quantity  Fuel Pressure

- indicates the flow outside the engine and heat outside the exhaust. - measured in °C.

Engine Exhaust Gas Temperatures (EGT)

GAS TURBINE ENGINES For an aircraft with gas turbine engines, the pilot must monitor:

Engine Pressure Ratio (EPR) exhaust gas temperature Oil Temperature and Pressure Fuel Pressure and Temperature Torque Meter Tachometer Engine Oil Pressure Engine Oil Temperature

have pics, figures, and numbers.

Indicators

Have only numbers.

Gauges

EICAS

Engine Indicating and Crew - Alerting System

ECAM

Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitor

- This is the amount of useful thrust being developed by the engine. It is the product of the mass of air passing through the engine and its velocity at the exhaust nozzle minus the drag due to the air passing through the engine. - divide the pressure inside the engine.

Engine Pressure Ratio (EPR)

Comparing the air pressure across the engine (i.e. the exhaust pressure to the compressor inlet pressure [EPR]) provides an indication of the (?) output from the engine. EPR is usually given as a percent thrust value.

thrust

This is normally a percentage of its maximum value.

RPM, N1, N2 or N3

The (?) requires monitoring in order to prevent excessive heat damaging the turbine.

exhaust gas temperature (EGT)

Monitoring ensures the safe operation of the engine.

Oil Temperature and Pressure

-Monitoring ensures that a supply of non-cavitated fuel is at an acceptable pressure and temperature. -A low fuel pressure warning light may back this up.

Fuel Pressure and Temperature

are lilted to aircraft that sense or measure pressure and temperature, create a signal, proportional to that measurement

Devices

In aviation. (?) is measured in pounds per square inch (psi), inches of mercury (in Hg), millibars (mbar), or kilopascals (kPa).

pressure

the three most common types of pressure

Absolute Pressure Gauge Pressure Differential Pressure

This is the pressure compared to a perfect vacuum, which is more than this value. It is given as PSIA or in Hg absolute.

Absolute Pressure

This pressure compares to ambient pressure, and is given as PSTG.

Gauge Pressure

This is the difference between two different pressures in an airplane, and is given as PSID.

Differential Pressure

Airplane instruments used to register these pressures are typically the:

Manifold pressure gauge Oil pressure gauge Cabin differential pressure gauge

-this gauge measures absolute pressure

Manifold pressure gauge

-this gauge measures gauge pressure

Oil pressure gauge

- this gauge measures the difference in pressure between the inside and the outside of the airplane, and is calibrated in PSID

Cabin differential pressure gauge

Pressure measurements are required for various applications such as:

 Static air pressure  Fluid pressure  Manifold pressure  Differential pressure  Pressure ratios

Pressures are usually measured by using a flexible metal chamber (?), which is spring loaded against the effect of changes in pressure, or a Bourdon tube

aneroid capsule or bellows

-To measure static pressure, the capsule is partially evacuated and sealed, and is prevented from collapsing by the action of a spring. -This type of device is used to measure medium pressures.

Aneroid Capsule

This device is manufactured from a metal such as phosphor bronze or beryllium-copper. It is in the form of a coil and when affected by a change in pressure, extends or contracts.

Bourdon Tube

The Bourdon tube may be used to measure: 3 pressure

oxygen pressure hydraulic pressure engine oil pressure

In all of these types of pressure sensors, the change in pressure acting on them converts into a mechanical motion by the change in (?) of the sensor.

shape

The temperatures requiring measurement on an airplane are:

Air temperatures Gas temperatures Component temperatures Fluid temperatures

The variation in the physical properties of a substance is used in measuring temperature, and any devices used on airplanes to measure temperature are called (?).

Temperature-Measuring Systems

-This system, used to measure temperatures up to 140°F, uses the property of expansion. -Different materials expand and contract at different rates when subjected to the same change in temperature. -If two thermally dissimilar metals (e.g. iron and brass), are strapped together and heat is applied, one expands more than the other, and the bi-metallic strip distorts.

Bi-metallic Temperature System

The (?) can be formed into a coil so that any change in temperature causes the strip to wind or unwind and produce a rotational movement.

bi-metallic strip

This system consists of a Bourdon tube gauge, which measures pressure, a thin walled bulb, which is at the point of measurement, and a thin capillary tube to connect them together

Mechanical Bulbs Temperature System

It uses the principle of the increase in vapor pressure within a confined space to measure temperature.

Mechanical Bulbs Temperature System

The system is filled with a chemical ,(e.g. Methyl Chloride), which in its natural state is part liquid and part gas.

Mechanical Bulbs Temperature System

-The system is sealed, and as the temperature increases, the pressure changes within the tube, giving an accurate reading of temperature on the Bourdon tube gauge. -This pressure, and on some jet airplanes to measure the compressor inlet temperature of the engine.

Mechanical Bulbs Temperature System

This method of measuring temperature requires electrical power, and is useful for measuring temperatures up to 300°F. The bridge circuit consists of three fixed resistors and one variable resistor.

Wheatstone Bridge System

Wheatstone Bridge System: The variable resistor is the (?), and contains a coil of fine nickel wire.

temperature probe

Wheatstone Bridge System: As the (?) of the coil increases, its resistance also increases, and current flows in the bridge.

temperature

This system is used to measure temperatures up to about 500°F or more, and is the most commonly used device. Unlike the Wheatstone bridge, this system does not require an electrical power source.

Thermocouple Temperature System

Thermocouple Temperature System: When one junction of two (?) metals is heated a voltage proportional to the temperature between the 'hot' and 'cold ' junctions occurs, and current flows in the circuit, with a reading taken at the cold junction.

'dissimilar'

Thermocouple Temperature System: Two commonly used metals are (?), which are both able to withstand high temperatures and produce a useable voltage.

Copper-Constantan and Iron - Constantan

Thermocouple Temperature System: The actual voltage produced is very low, so this device is not usually used to measure temperatures below (?)°F.

400°F

Thermocouple Temperature System: To measure high temperatures up to 1000°F and above a combination of (?) is used.

Chromel - Alumel

Low Pressure Compressor

High Pressure Compressor

POWERPOINT Flashcards

(72 cards)