Powerpoints

Question 1

What is Dahl’s hierarchy of “influence terms”?

Answer 1

1. Rational persuasion (convince someone to stop doing something: heroin) 2. Manipulative persuasion (mislead) 3. Inducement (offer reward/punishment) 4. Power (threaten sever punishment) 5. Coercion (power with no other way) 6. Physical force

Question 2

What are Luke’s three faces of power?

Answer 2

Decision making power: Use of force, mutual gain exchanges, creation of obligation/loyalty, whoever wins the argument has the power •Agenda setting (non-decision making) •Ideological power/ability to shape people’s private desires

Question 3

What are the three types of “legitimate” rule through authority?

Answer 3

1. Traditional 2. Charismatic: obedience through inspiration and psychological domination 3. Legal-rational: obedience to uniform and codified set of principals/rules/laws which benefit those who are subjected to it

Question 4

What are the different types of sovereignty?

Answer 4

Popular, Parliamentary and Personal

Question 5

What are the two methods of natural citizenship?

Answer 5

1. Birth 2. Blood

Question 6

What is the difference between a state and a nation?

Answer 6

A state exists when a sovereign power rules over a population residing within the boundaries of a fixed territory whereas a nation is an identity shared by a no. of people based on collective factors

Question 7

What is a Nation-state?

Answer 7

A state with a single, predominate national identity ex. Iceland, Sweden

Question 8

What are binational or multinational states?

Answer 8

Two or more nations exist under a single government ex. Canada

Question 9

What are civic nations?

Answer 9

Identity that depends primarily on acceptance of political order

Question 10

What are ethnic nations?

Answer 10

Identity depends on objective factors such as language or religion

Question 11

What is realism?

Answer 11

A theory where the international system is understood as: self-help, lack of trust and dependent on one’s military power

Question 12

What is the security dilemma?

Answer 12

Trying to make yourself more secure, leads to less security ex. arms race

Question 13

What is a public or collective good?

Answer 13

An indivisible “thing” that is supplied jointly to all potential users ex. Lighthouse

Question 14

What is a pure public good?

Answer 14

A “thing” that can be used by one person without reducing anyone else’s utility ex. Fireworks

Question 15

What is a private good?

Answer 15

a “thing” that can be used by one person: is both excludable and rivalrous ex iPad

Question 16

What are the three types of public goods?

Answer 16

1. Network 2. Pure 3. Rival

Question 17

What are network goods?

Answer 17

They can give higher benefits to each user the higher the number of users ex. Languages, currencies, internet

Question 18

What are pure public goods?

Answer 18

They can be used by more people without reducing other people’s utility ex. National defence, advances in knowledge

Question 19

What are rival public goods?

Answer 19

The addition of users can diminish or even eliminate the utility of other users ex. clean air, water, roads, hospitals

Question 20

What are club goods?

Answer 20

Involve tolls or fees

Question 21

What are common goods?

Answer 21

Rival or contestable public goods that are not excludable ex. clean air, water pools, fisheries, forests

Question 22

What is tragedy of the commons?

Answer 22

Individuals acting independently and rationale according to self interest behave contrary to the groups long term best interests

Question 23

What does the provision of public good require?

Answer 23

Cooperation or coercion by means of collective action or effective government

Question 24

What are the four requirements of collective action?

Answer 24

1. size of group 2. common interest 3. provision of goods 4. trust

Question 25

What is the collective action function?

Answer 25

R = B x P - C + D (Reward of participating in action = benefits or access to public good multiplied by probability to obtain said good minus the cost of action plus selective incentives)

Question 26

What is nash equilibrium?

Answer 26

A set of strategies in a game such that no player has an incentive to unilaterally change her mind given what other players are doing

Question 27

What are payoffs?

Answer 27

The rewards that are associated with each outcome of the game. An important rule of the game is that players prefer higher payoffs to lower payoffs

Question 28

What are extensive form games?

Answer 28

Players make their moves sequentially, like chess

Question 29

What are normal strategic form games?

Answer 29

Players make moves simultaneously like rock/paper/scissors

Question 30

What are the three types of dictatorships?

Answer 30

Despotism, Authoritarianism and Totalitarianism

Question 31

What is Despotism?

Answer 31

Rule by personalistic tyrant or military junta, deprived of ideology and prone to arbitrariness, more likely in single crop economies with great social polarisation (Ancient Egypt and China)

Question 32

What is the difference between absolute monarch and despot?

Answer 32

absolute monarch governs with absolute power with fixed and established laws; despots govern by their own will

Question 33

What is authoritarianism?

Answer 33

A system of government in which leaders are not subjected to the test of free elections. Can take many forms: civilian, military, secular, religious. Rule by means of repression and control

Question 34

What is totalitarianism?

Answer 34

A modern form of despotic rule where the state undertakes to remake society according to an ideological design. Single party rule, control over all the public and private aspects of life + use of widespread terror

Question 35

What is multilevel governance?

Answer 35

Multiple levels of government can offer different public goods and services at different territorial scales. Small: city. Medium: sub-territorial unit. Large: state. V large: empire

Question 36

What are the different types of Governmental structure?

Answer 36

1. Unitary (one level ex. UK, NZ, France) 2. Federal (two levels ex. Canada, Australia, USA) 3. Confederal (balance of power with constituents ex. EU, USA (pre 1787)

Question 37

What are unitary systems of governance?

Answer 37

A single sovereign govt. rules the country. All power is concentrated on one level of govt. Sub-levels of govt. can be created, abolished, expanded and retracted by the central authority

Question 38

What are devolution systems of government?

Answer 38

Those in which the central government devolves (or gives) power to regional governments, subject to its overriding control ex. Scotland and Wales

Question 39

What are the five features of federalism?

Answer 39

1. a combination of shared rule and local self rule 2. constitutionally protected autonomy of each level of government 3. a written constitution and a supreme court that acts as an umpire of jurisdiction disputes 4. constitutional amending formula 5. central govt. has constituent part representation

Question 40

What are con-federal systems?

Answer 40

A permanent union of sovereign states retain sovereignty. defence, currency, trade ex. EU

Question 41

What are the three parts of Australia's executive?

Answer 41

1. Formal: the crown/GG 2. Political: the PM and Cabinet 3. Permanent: The public service

Question 42

What are the roles of the HoR?

Answer 42

1. legislates 2. sets political agenda 3. legitimises government decisions 4. integrates and represents the political community 5. helps maintain the political system

Question 43

What are the aspects of a presidential system?

Answer 43

1. President 2. Cabinet 3. Congress (HoR and Senate) 4. Judiciary

Question 44

What is the electoral college?

Answer 44

Formal body that chooses the president of the US (270/538) indirect election. Upstanding citizens chosen by voters in the state determined by the total number of congressmen and senators in the state

Question 45

Difference between presidential and parliamentary systems

Answer 45

1. Presidents appoint more non-partisans to the cabinet + don't have to rely on legislative majority to remain in office #more flexibility 2. Lower cabinet proportionality than parliamentary systems

Question 46

What are semi-presidential democracies?

Answer 46

The government depends on a legislative majority and the head of state is popularly elected

Question 47

What are the two types of semi-presidential democracy?

Answer 47

1. Premier-presidential and 2. President-parliamentary