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AA Exam 4 > PP 1 > Flashcards

PP 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Fascia

A

surrounds muscles, blood vessels, nerves, and binding some structures together

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2
Q

Aponeurosis

A

Closely packed, parallel collagenous bundles

Provide strength and support

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3
Q

Retinaculum

A

hold tendons down and together

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4
Q

Ligaments

A

bone to bone

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5
Q

Tendons

A

Muscle to bone

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6
Q

Bursae

A

Thin fluid sacs

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7
Q

Type of fibrous joints and their function.

A

Sutures (synarthrosis, which is immobile)
Syndesmosis (amphiarthrosis, which is slightly movable)
Gomphosis (synarthrosis, which is immobile)

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8
Q

Type of cartilaginous joints and their function.

A

Synchondrosis (synarthrosis with hyaline cartilage, which is immobile))
Symphysis (amphiarthrosis with fibrocartilage, which is slightly movable))

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9
Q

Function of diarthrosis joints.

A

freely movable

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10
Q

What are fibrous joints?

A

joints held tightly together by thin fibrous connective tissue

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11
Q

Where do you find fibrous joints?

A

-between flat bones of the skull

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12
Q

Fibrous joints type of growth?

A

Intramembranous ossification

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13
Q

Anterior (frontal) fontanel
Where?
Closes when?

A

18-24 months

2 parietal and the segments of the frontal bone

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14
Q

Posterior (occipital) fontanel
Where?
Closes when?

A

2 months

Between the 2 parietal and occipital

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15
Q

Anteriolateral (sphenoidal) fontanel
Where?
Closes when?

A

3 months

between: frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones

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16
Q

Posterolateral (mastoid) fontanel
Where?
Closes when?

A

12 months

parietal, occipital, and temporal bones

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17
Q

Syndesmosis

A

Bones are bound together by relatively strong fibers of connective tissue or ligaments

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18
Q

Where do you find syndesmosis?

A

Inferior tibiofibular articulation

Inferior radio-ulnar articulation

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19
Q

Gomphosis

A

Peg and socket: tooth fits into alveolar process.

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20
Q

How are cartilaginous joints fastened together?

A

by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage

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21
Q

Two types of cartilaginous joints?

A

Synchondrosis

Symphysis

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22
Q

How are Synchondrosis bones bound together?
What is a special feature?
Where is a permanent synchondrosis found?

A
  • bands of hyaline cartilage
  • these joints are temporary structures that disappear during the growth process.
  • between the sternum and the first rib
  • costal cartilage uniting ribs to sternum
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23
Q

If ribs 2-6 do NOT have synchondrosis, what kind of joint are they?

A

gliding synovial joints

24
Q

Describe the structure of the symphysis and what are two examples?

A
  • Articular surfaces are covered by a thin layer of hyaline cartilage and interposed and securely attached is a pad of resilient fibrocartilage
  • symphysis pubis, intervertebral disc
25
Q

Describe a synovial membrane?

A

lines the inner surface of the capsule and secretes synovial fluid

26
Q

Where do you find articular discs?

A 
may be present between dissimilar surfaces such as:
Ulna and carpal bones
Clavicle and sternum
TMJ
Knee
27
Q

Describe synarthrodial joints.

A
  • Immovable joints
  • Fibrous– suture, gomphosis
  • Cartilaginous
  • –Synchondrosis – temporary boundary disappears and creates a synostosis (epiphyseal plate)
28
Q

Describe amphiarthrodial joints.

A

-Slightly movable

29
Q

Examples of amphiarthrodial joints.

A
  • Fibrous– syndesmosis

- Cartilaginous- symphysis

30
Q

What is the function of diarthrodial joint?

A

Freely movable and synovial

31
Q

3 types of synovial joints.

A 
Uniaxial
Biaxial: movement in two planes
Gliding, condyloid, saddle
Triaxial: movement in three planes
Ball and socket
32
Q

Uniaxial synovial joint.

A
  • movement in one plane

- Hinge and pivot joints

33
Q

Biaxial synovial joint.

A
  • movement in two planes

- Gliding, condyloid, saddle

34
Q

Triaxial synovial joint.

A
  • movement in three planes

- Ball and socket

35
Q

Types of Diarthrodial Joints

A

Hinge, Pivot, Gliding, Condyloid, Saddle, Ball and Socket

36
Q

Describe Hinge joint

A

Flexion and extension (elbow)

37
Q

Describe Pivot joint

A

Rotation around longitudinal axis (sup. radio-ulnar, atlanto-axial)

38
Q

Describe Gliding joint

A

plane surfaces (carpal and tarsal articulations)

39
Q

Describe Condyloid joint

A

ovoid head in elliptical cav.

-Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction - no rotation (wrist)

40
Q

Describe Saddle joint

A

1st CMC, flex, ext, abd, add, opposition, circumduction

41
Q

Describe Ball and Socket joint

A

Flex, ext, abd, add, horiz. add/abd, IR, ER and circumduction

42
Q

Describe Osteokinematics

A

movement of the bone around a stationary mechanical axis with the distal partner as reference

43
Q

Osteokinematics movement

A

Spin and swing

44
Q

Osteokinematics terms are:

A

abduction, rotation, flexion, etc.

45
Q

Describe Arthrokinematics

A

what happens between joint surfaces during movement

46
Q

Arthrokinematics movement

A

Make osteokinematic movements possible

47
Q

Arthrokinematics terms are:

A

spin, roll and glide (slide)

48
Q

Two fundamental shapes of Arthrokinematics.

A

Ovoid

Sellar or saddle

49
Q

Describe Arthrokinematics ovoid shape

A

Convex or concave

50
Q

Describe Arthrokinematics sellar or saddle shape.

A

Convex in one plane and concave at approximately

right angles to the convex

51
Q

Describe Arthrokinematics spin movement?

Which areas do you see this?

A

Rotation around a stationary mechanical axis similar to the spin in osteokinematics, like a top.

Humerus/scapula
Femur/pelvis
Humerus/radius

52
Q

Concave-Convex Rule of Joint Movement

All synovial joints…

A

may be classified as either concave or convex. Cartilage alters the surfaces that appear to be flat. More will be on the center to make the convex surface and conversely more lines the perimeters in the concave.

53
Q

Concave-Convex Rule of Joint Movement

Roll always…

A

…follows the direction of the bone movement.

54
Q

When the concave surface is stationary and the convex surface is moving, the gliding movement in the joint occurs in the _____ direction to the roll, and consequently opposite to the direction of the bone.

A

opposite

55
Q

When the convex surface is stationary and the concave surface is moving, the gliding movement in the joint occurs in the _____ direction as the roll and the bone.

A

same

AA Exam 4 (4 decks)

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