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AA Exam 4 > PP 3 > Flashcards

PP 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Hip articulation

A

Coxal or iliofemoral (ball and socket)

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2
Q

Major bursae of the hip

A
  • Trochanteric
  • iliopsoas
  • Ischial
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3
Q
A
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4
Q

Another name for Iliofemoral

A

Y ligament/Bigelow

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5
Q

What is the role of the iliofemoral?

A
  • Positioned to prevent excessive extension
  • Plays important role in maintaining upright posture
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6
Q

How does the Ischiofemoral repond to extension and what is its purpose?

A

Winds tightly on extension, helping to stabilize extension

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7
Q

Purpose of Pubofemoral

A

Prevents excessive abduction of femur, limits extension

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8
Q

Strongest ligament of the body

A

Iliofemoral

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9
Q
A
  1. Sacrospinous
  2. Sacrotuburous
  3. Ischiofemoral
  4. Posterior
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10
Q

Sacrospinous function

A

together with the sacrotuberous ligament, it converts the greater sciatic notch into the greater sciatic foramen and the lesser sciatic notch into the lesser sciatic foramen, its main function is to prevent posterior rotation of the ilium with respect to the sacrum

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11
Q

Sacrotuberous function

A

Fascial connections that make it consistent with biceps femoris insertion, controls forward flexion of sacrum and restricts posterior rotation of ilium

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12
Q

pelvis: Posterior pelvis sacroiliac short ligament

A

sacrum to ilium, runs obliquely

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13
Q

pelvis: Posterior pelvis sacroiliac long ligament

A

PSIS to sacrum, restricts anterior ilial rotation

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14
Q

pelvis: Posterior sacroiliac interosseous ligament

A

intrarticular, toughest ligament in the body – it has been shown that, when forcibly opening the SI joint, the bone will fail before the ligament; it is important in maintaining the joint space during weightbearing

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15
Q

pelvis: Iliolumbar ligament

A
  • attaches the fifth transverse process to the iliac crest
  • Up until 3rd decade it is muscular
  • It stabilizes the connection between the low back and pelvis, and limits side-flexion of the trunk
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16
Q
A
  1. iliolumbar
  2. Inguinal
  3. sacrospinous
  4. Iliofemoral
  5. Obturator membrane
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17
Q

Pelvis

  1. Posterior articulations:
  2. Anterior articulation:
  3. Movement:
A
  1. Posterior articulations: Sacroiliac
  2. Anterior articulation: Symphysis
  3. Movement: a little anterioposterior rotation
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18
Q

Pubic Symphysis

  1. The ends are covered with what?
  2. What connects the ends?
A
  1. hyaline cartilage
  2. fibrous cartilage (disc)
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19
Q

Sacroiliac joint articular cartilage on the ilium is ____ while the cartilage covering the sacrum is _____.

A
  • fibrocartilage
  • hyaline (thicker)
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20
Q

Sacroiliac joint: Joint is part ____ and part ____.

A
  • synovial
  • fibrous (syndesmosis)
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21
Q

Sacroiliac joint: Movement of sacrum on the ilium is usually referred to as ___ and ___.

A
  • nutation (flexion)
  • counter-nutation (extension)
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22
Q

Sacroiliac joint: The total mean rotation is around ___ and the total translation is ____.

A
  • 4 degrees
  • ~ 3 mm
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23
Q

Movement of the ilium on the sacrum is referred to as____.

A

torsion

24
Q

Knee: What type of joint is tibiofemoral?

A

Modified hinge

25
Q

Knee: What type of joint is patellofemoral?

A

gliding

26
Q
  1. Movements of the knee? When do additional movements occur?
  2. Normal ROM?
  3. What happens at 20 degrees?
  4. What happens at 90 degrees?
A
  1. Flexion, extension, and with a flexed knee: internal and external rotation
  2. 140˚
  3. At 20˚ of flexion, tibia starts to glide and rotation is possible
  4. Maximum rotation at 90˚ of flexion possible
27
Q

Screw home mechanism

A

conjunct rotation of external rotation of the tibia during terminal extension (20 deg), necessitated by the larger medial femoral condyle

28
Q

What kind of joint is the patello-femoral joint?

A

diarthrodial, synovial gliding joint

29
Q

ACL Function

A
  • check anterior translation of tibia on femur
  • Resist/prevent hyperextension of the knee
30
Q

Posterior Cruciate Ligament function

A

Main function is to prevent posterior displacement of the tibia on the femur

31
Q

Which is stronger? ACL or PCL?

A

PCL

32
Q

Transverse (genual) ligament:

A

connects anterior portion of menisci

33
Q

Coronary ligaments:

A

part of the capsule which connects the periphery of each meniscus with the margin of the tibia

34
Q

Menisci

  1. How is the blood supply?
  2. How does it get most of its nutrition?
  3. What part is vascularized?
  4. Nerves?
A
  1. Poor
  2. Diffusion of synovial fluid
  3. periphery
  4. None
35
Q

Which muscle is attached to the medial menisci?

A

The posterior horn is also attached to the semimembranous muscle via the posteriomedial capsule

36
Q

Which muscle is attached to the lateral menisci?

A

The arcuate ligament and the popliteus muscle are both attached to the lateral meniscus

37
Q

Which meniscus is shaped like a C and which an O?

A
  • C = Medial meniscus
  • O = Lateral meniscus
38
Q

Ankle articulations

A

Talocrural or talotibial (hinge)

39
Q

Most commonly injured ankle ligament

A

anterior talofibular (ATF) horizontal attachment from the talus to fibula

40
Q

Superior Extensor Retinaculum (= tranverse crural):

A

binds down the foot extensors tendons by connecting to lateral distal fibula and medial distal tibia

41
Q

Inferior Extensor Retinaculum (= Cruciate crural):

A

Y-shaped band that binds down the extensors;

42
Q

Fibular Retinaculum:

A

band that binds down the peroneal (fibularis) tendons

43
Q

Flexor Retinaculum:

A

medial aspect; retains and binds down the medial flexor muscle tendons

44
Q

Intertarsals articulations

A

gliding

45
Q

Tarsometatarsal articulations

A

gliding

46
Q

Metatarsophalangeal articulations

A

condyloid - flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction

47
Q

Interphalangeal articulations –

A

hinge - flexion and extension

48
Q

Subtalar Joint (talocalcaneal) articulated between what?

A

between the talus and calcaneus

49
Q

The plantar calcano-navicular (spring) ligament does what?

A

completes the bony socket of the talocalcaneal joint

50
Q

Open Chain Pronation

A

triplanar movement which combines the movements of calcaneal eversion, talar horizontal abduction and dorsiflexion

51
Q

Open Chain Supination

A

triplanar movement which combines the movements of calcaneal inversion, talar horizontal adduction and plantar flexion

52
Q

Plantar fascia

A

superficial covering of bottom of foot; three portions attach from calcaneus to the phalanges (plantar aponeurosis)

53
Q

Long plantar

A

deeper structure of the foot, attaches from calcaneus to 3rd, 4th, and 5th metatarsals

54
Q

Short plantar

A

plantar calcanocuboid lig

55
Q

Plantar calcanonavicular (Spring) ligament;

A

important in maintaining the medial longitudinal arch

AA Exam 4 (4 decks)

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