PP 3

Question 1

Hip articulation

Answer 1

Coxal or iliofemoral (ball and socket)

Question 2

Major bursae of the hip

Answer 2

• Trochanteric
• iliopsoas
• Ischial

Question 3

Answer 3

Question 4

Another name for Iliofemoral

Answer 4

Y ligament/Bigelow

Question 5

What is the role of the iliofemoral?

Answer 5

• Positioned to prevent excessive extension
• Plays important role in maintaining upright posture

Question 6

How does the Ischiofemoral repond to extension and what is its purpose?

Answer 6

Winds tightly on extension, helping to stabilize extension

Question 7

Purpose of Pubofemoral

Answer 7

Prevents excessive abduction of femur, limits extension

Question 8

Strongest ligament of the body

Answer 8

Iliofemoral

Question 9

Answer 9

19. Sacrospinous
20. Sacrotuburous
21. Ischiofemoral
22. Posterior

Question 10

Sacrospinous function

Answer 10

together with the sacrotuberous ligament, it converts the greater sciatic notch into the greater sciatic foramen and the lesser sciatic notch into the lesser sciatic foramen, its main function is to prevent posterior rotation of the ilium with respect to the sacrum

Question 11

Sacrotuberous function

Answer 11

Fascial connections that make it consistent with biceps femoris insertion, controls forward flexion of sacrum and restricts posterior rotation of ilium

Question 12

pelvis: Posterior pelvis sacroiliac short ligament

Answer 12

sacrum to ilium, runs obliquely

Question 13

pelvis: Posterior pelvis sacroiliac long ligament

Answer 13

PSIS to sacrum, restricts anterior ilial rotation

Question 14

pelvis: Posterior sacroiliac interosseous ligament

Answer 14

intrarticular, toughest ligament in the body – it has been shown that, when forcibly opening the SI joint, the bone will fail before the ligament; it is important in maintaining the joint space during weightbearing

Question 15

pelvis: Iliolumbar ligament

Answer 15

• attaches the fifth transverse process to the iliac crest
• Up until 3rd decade it is muscular
• It stabilizes the connection between the low back and pelvis, and limits side-flexion of the trunk

Question 16

Answer 16

1. iliolumbar
2. Inguinal
3. sacrospinous
4. Iliofemoral
5. Obturator membrane

Question 17

Pelvis

1. Posterior articulations:
2. Anterior articulation:
3. Movement:

Answer 17

1. Posterior articulations: Sacroiliac
2. Anterior articulation: Symphysis
3. Movement: a little anterioposterior rotation

Question 18

Pubic Symphysis

1. The ends are covered with what?
2. What connects the ends?

Answer 18

1. hyaline cartilage
2. fibrous cartilage (disc)

Question 19

Sacroiliac joint articular cartilage on the ilium is ____ while the cartilage covering the sacrum is _____.

Answer 19

• fibrocartilage
• hyaline (thicker)

Question 20

Sacroiliac joint: Joint is part ____ and part ____.

Answer 20

• synovial
• fibrous (syndesmosis)

Question 21

Sacroiliac joint: Movement of sacrum on the ilium is usually referred to as ___ and ___.

Answer 21

• nutation (flexion)
• counter-nutation (extension)

Question 22

Sacroiliac joint: The total mean rotation is around ___ and the total translation is ____.

Answer 22

• 4 degrees
• ~ 3 mm

Question 23

Movement of the ilium on the sacrum is referred to as____.

Answer 23

torsion

Question 24

Knee: What type of joint is tibiofemoral?

Answer 24

Modified hinge

Question 25

Knee: What type of joint is patellofemoral?

Answer 25

gliding

Question 26

1. Movements of the knee? When do additional movements occur? 2. Normal ROM? 3. What happens at 20 degrees? 4. What happens at 90 degrees?

Answer 26

1. Flexion, extension, and with a flexed knee: internal and external rotation 2. 140˚ 3. At 20˚ of flexion, tibia starts to glide and rotation is possible 4. Maximum rotation at 90˚ of flexion possible

Question 27

Screw home mechanism

Answer 27

conjunct rotation of external rotation of the tibia during terminal extension (20 deg), necessitated by the larger medial femoral condyle

Question 28

What kind of joint is the patello-femoral joint?

Answer 28

diarthrodial, synovial gliding joint

Question 29

ACL Function

Answer 29

* check anterior translation of tibia on femur * Resist/prevent hyperextension of the knee

Question 30

Posterior Cruciate Ligament function

Answer 30

Main function is to prevent posterior displacement of the tibia on the femur

Question 31

Which is stronger? ACL or PCL?

Answer 31

PCL

Question 32

Transverse (genual) ligament:

Answer 32

connects anterior portion of menisci

Question 33

Coronary ligaments:

Answer 33

part of the capsule which connects the periphery of each meniscus with the margin of the tibia

Question 34

Menisci 1. How is the blood supply? 2. How does it get most of its nutrition? 3. What part is vascularized? 4. Nerves?

Answer 34

1. Poor 2. Diffusion of synovial fluid 3. periphery 4. None

Question 35

Which muscle is attached to the medial menisci?

Answer 35

The posterior horn is also attached to the semimembranous muscle via the posteriomedial capsule

Question 36

Which muscle is attached to the lateral menisci?

Answer 36

The arcuate ligament and the popliteus muscle are both attached to the lateral meniscus

Question 37

Which meniscus is shaped like a C and which an O?

Answer 37

* C = Medial meniscus * O = Lateral meniscus

Question 38

Ankle articulations

Answer 38

Talocrural or talotibial (hinge)

Question 39

Most commonly injured ankle ligament

Answer 39

anterior talofibular (ATF) horizontal attachment from the talus to fibula

Question 40

Superior Extensor Retinaculum (= tranverse crural):

Answer 40

binds down the foot extensors tendons by connecting to lateral distal fibula and medial distal tibia

Question 41

Inferior Extensor Retinaculum (= Cruciate crural):

Answer 41

Y-shaped band that binds down the extensors;

Question 42

Fibular Retinaculum:

Answer 42

band that binds down the peroneal (fibularis) tendons

Question 43

Flexor Retinaculum:

Answer 43

medial aspect; retains and binds down the medial flexor muscle tendons

Question 44

Intertarsals articulations

Answer 44

gliding

Question 45

Tarsometatarsal articulations

Answer 45

gliding

Question 46

Metatarsophalangeal articulations

Answer 46

condyloid - flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction

Question 47

Interphalangeal articulations –

Answer 47

hinge - flexion and extension

Question 48

Subtalar Joint (talocalcaneal) articulated between what?

Answer 48

between the talus and calcaneus

Question 49

The plantar calcano-navicular (spring) ligament does what?

Answer 49

completes the bony socket of the talocalcaneal joint

Question 50

Open Chain Pronation

Answer 50

triplanar movement which combines the movements of calcaneal eversion, talar horizontal abduction and dorsiflexion

Question 51

Open Chain Supination

Answer 51

triplanar movement which combines the movements of calcaneal inversion, talar horizontal adduction and plantar flexion

Question 52

Plantar fascia

Answer 52

superficial covering of bottom of foot; three portions attach from calcaneus to the phalanges (plantar aponeurosis)

Question 53

Long plantar

Answer 53

deeper structure of the foot, attaches from calcaneus to 3rd, 4th, and 5th metatarsals

Question 54

Short plantar

Answer 54

plantar calcanocuboid lig

Question 55

Plantar calcanonavicular (Spring) ligament;

Answer 55

important in maintaining the medial longitudinal arch