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Term 3 - Electronics > PPT #1/2 Notes > Flashcards

PPT #1/2 Notes Flashcards

(82 cards)

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1
Q

Silicon is a more stable semi-conductor than germanium. True or False?

A

True

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2
Q

The _______ the valence shell is to the nucleus, the more stable the semi-conductor is

A

closer

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3
Q

Which atom is physically larger, Germanium or Silicon?

A

Germanium

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4
Q

When many atoms combine through covalent bonding, they form a ______ ______ which is when the valence shell is full with no electron movement

A

silicon crystal

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5
Q

Classifications of matter are broken into 3 groups, what are they?

A

chemical
physical
electrical

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6
Q

The atom is the ________ particle and has the chemical characteristics of that element

A

smallest

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7
Q

Simple matter is composed of ______ basic earth elements

A

one

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8
Q

Complex matter is composed of ____ basic earth elements

A

two

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9
Q

A simple example of complex matter is?

A

H2O (two parts basic earth element)

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10
Q

The molecule is the smallest particle that retains the characteristics of that molecule. True or False?

A

True

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11
Q

Name three physical classifications of matter?

A

Solid
Liquid
Gas

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12
Q

Name three electrical classifications of matter

A

semi conductor
conductor
insulator

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13
Q

Name two semi-conductors

A

Silicon and Germanium

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14
Q

Name two insulators

A

mica, glass, wood

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15
Q

Name three conductors

A

copper, silver, aluminum, gold

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16
Q

A semi conductor is a solid substance that has the conductivity between that of an insulator and that of most metals, due to the addition of an impurity or because temp effects. true or false?

A

true

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17
Q

Atoms contain 4 major parts; name them?

A

Nucleus
Electrons
Protons
Neutrons

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18
Q

The heart of the atom is called?

A

Nucleus

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19
Q

The nucleus is comprised of?

A

Protons and Neutrons

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20
Q

The Nucleus is said to be __________ charged

A

positively

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21
Q

Orbiting the nucleus are negative charges called _________

A

electrons

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22
Q

The electrons are at different energy levels called _______

A

shells

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23
Q

Magnetic energy of the atom keeps __________ charged electrons in orbit by pulling them towards the _________ charged nucleus

A

negatively

positively

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24
Q

Kinetic energy also keeps electrons in orbit by stopping them from combining with the nucleus due to __________ _______

A

centrifugal force

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25
What are the two reasons electrons stay in orbit around the nucleus?
Magnetic and Kinetic energy
26
Silicon and Germanium both contain __ valence electrons in their valence shell
4
27
Intrinsic material atom is considered to be in _________ state
neutral
28
In intrinsic neutral state atoms mean there are?
same number of protons and electrons
29
What is doping?
mixing impure (extrinsic) with pure (intrinsic) materials
30
Doping with impurities _________ the conductivity of the semi-conductor
increases
31
Conduction in a pure silicon crystal (achieved by covalent bonding) is only affected by heat or light energy. True or False?
True
32
Semi-conductors are doped to be either ___ type or ___ type
N-type or P-type
33
Semi conductors doped with impurities increase the ____________ of the semi-conductor
conductivity
34
Impurities with 5 valence electrons are called __________ and give the crystal an overall ________ charge or "__"-type
Pentavalent negative N-type
35
Impurities with 3 valence electrons are called ________ and give the crystal an overall __________. This will be "__"- type material
Trivalent positive P-type
36
N-type Silicon is doped with? (3)
Phosphorus Antimony Arsenic
37
P- type silicon is doped with? (3)
Aluminum, Gallium, Boron, Indium
38
Conventional current flow is ___ -_____
positive to negative
39
Electron flow is _________ to __________
negative to positive
40
For an electron to flow it must have a _______ to flow into
hole
41
The hole moves positive to negative, therefore the electron moves ?
negative to positive
42
P-type is the ________ and N-type is the _________
Anode Cathode
43
Intrinsic layer in the middle of a diode is the ________ ______
depletion region
44
PN junctions are formed by fusing different _________ into the silicon crystal material
impurities
45
Name the two types of biasing
forward reverse
46
Forward biasing is when the anode is positive with respect to the cathode. True or False?
True
47
What is Knee voltage?
cut in voltage
48
What is the knee voltages for silicon and germanium?
SI = 0.7v GE= 0.3v
49
Depletion region disappears when knee voltage is applied and causes the ________ to drop and allows current to flow neg to pos
resistance
50
Reverse biasing is switching the direction of the current flow. True or False?
True
51
Reverse biasing changes the junction diode into a _________
resistor
52
Forward bias is _________ electron flow and Reverse biasing is __________ electron flow
conducting resisting
53
No current will flow when the polarity on the diode is reversed. True or False?
True
54
Forward current means an increase in heat which will require the installation of a?
Heat sink
55
High voltage applied to a reverse diode will breakdown the diode and destroy it. This is known as ?
Avalanche current
56
Knee voltage?
Require voltage to put the diode into conduction
57
P.I.V?
peak inverse voltage
58
P.I.V is best described as?
amount of voltage the diode can safely handle in reverse
59
V.B.R?
Voltage breakdown reverse
60
V.B.R is best described as?
Point at which the diode will be destroyed?
61
Exceeding P.I.V = ______
V.B.R
62
Diode receives a higher voltage than your meter reads because it is receiving _____ vs RMS
PEAK
63
If infinity/O/L is seen on both sides of the diode it means it is?
open
64
If low ohms is read on both sides of the diode it means it is __________
shorted
65
What is the most popular diode we use daily?
LED
66
A transformer reduces voltage, isolates the circuit and prevents ground loops. True or False?
True
67
All diodes must be in ______ with the loads
series
68
The junction diode rectifier is used to (2)
1. Rectify AC to DC 2. As a blocking diode to prevent back emf
69
Name the three different types of rectifiers/regulators?
1. Full-wave 2. Half-wave 3. Full-wave bridge rectifier
70
Name the two types of half-wave rectifiers
Positive half wave Negative half wave
71
The positive half wave rectifier changes AC to DC by removing _____ _____ of the AC input signal. This creates a __________ ___ _________
one half pulsating Dc voltage
72
How is a positive pulsating DC voltage created?
Using a half wave rectifier and removing one half of the AC input signal
73
The negative half wave has a diode that is _______ which will result in a pulsating dc voltage that is ________
negative
74
The only difference between the positive and negative rectification is?
the direction of the diode
75
Advantages of a half-wave rectifier? (2)
Simple construction and low cost
76
Disadvantages of a half-wave rectifier? (2)
High ripple factor (121%) Low efficiency (45%)
77
Full-wave rectifier is also known as a?
centre tap transformer
78
Advantages of a full-wave/centre trap rectifier? (2)
Lower ripple factor (42%) Higher efficiency (90%)
79
Disadvantages of a full-wave/centre tap rectifier? (1)
Higher cost of construction (centre tap transformer) and extra diode
80
Full-wave bridge rectifier advantages? (2)
no centre tap transformer PIV rating of diode is less
81
Disadvantages of full-wave bridge rectifier?
Requires 4 diodes
82
Four things done to the power supply?
Transformer (protect and reduce) Rectifier (AC to DC) Filter (to smooth) Voltage regulator (constant volts)

Term 3 - Electronics (6 decks)

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