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Immunology Block 1 > Ppt 1 Intro to the immune syst > Flashcards

Ppt 1 Intro to the immune syst Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

what are the cells used by the immune system?

A

lymphocytes

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2
Q

what 2 cells compose the definition of lymphocytes?

A

B and T cells

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3
Q

What are the 2 types of immunity?

A
  • Innate

* Adaptive

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4
Q

What is theInnateImmunity?

A

its the first line of defense agains microbesit has barrierswe have it naturally

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5
Q

What does the Innate Immunity react against?

A

infectious microbes

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6
Q

What is the Adaptive Immune System?

A

its acquired over timeits activated when a microbe goes through the innate immunity

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7
Q

what does the adaptive immune system react against?

A

it will attack infectious and non-infectious microbes

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8
Q

What are the Adaptive immunity’s cells?

A

B and T cells

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9
Q

What are the innate immunity’s cells?

A

NK, Macrophages, epithelium, Neutrophils

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10
Q

What are the 2 antige presenting cells?

A

Dendritic cells and Macrophages

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11
Q

To what immunity do dendritic cells belong to?

A

both innate and adaptive

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12
Q

what are the 2 types of adaptive immune systems?

A

1) Humoral immunity2) Cell-Mediated immunity

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13
Q

What makes upthe humoral immune response?

A

B cells and plasma cells

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14
Q

What types of microbes will the humoral immunity attack?

A

extracellular

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15
Q

What cells make up the cell-mediated response?

A

CD4+ (t helper cells) and CD8+ (cytotoxic t cells)

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16
Q

What types of microbes will the cell-mediated immunity attack?

A

intracellular microbes

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17
Q

Into what other cell will B cells transform into?

A

plasma cells

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18
Q

What does the plama cell secrete and where will it be secreted into?

A

Plasma cells secretes antibodies into the blood and mucosa.

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19
Q

Secretion of antibodies into the blood and mucosa by plasma cells will help against microbes how?

A

by neutralizing microbes before they can colonize.

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20
Q

What antibodies are always present in B cells?

A

IgM and IgD

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21
Q

What type of molecule must the microbe be for the T cells in the cell-mediated response be able to recognize it and destroy it?

A

a peptide antigen

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22
Q

B cells in the cell-mediated response will react against microbes made-up of what types of molecules?

A

lipid, carbs, protein

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23
Q

The immune system can be acquired in two types of ways:

Study These Flashcards
A

1) Passive Immunity2) Active Immunity

24
Q

How do we get Passive immunity?

Study These Flashcards
A

through our mother’s breast milk and placenta.

25
Is the passive immunity long term or short term?
pssive immunity is short term
26
will the passive immunity be fast acting or slow acting?
fast acting
27
what antibody is found in mother milk?
IgA
28
What antibody is found in the placenta?
IgG
29
Is the Active immunty long term or short term?
its long term- for the remainder of your life
30
Is the Active immunity fast acting or slow acting?
it is slow acting
31
How to we get the active immunity?
through infection or vaccination 
32
What are the 7 properties of the adaptive immunity?
* Diverse * Polyclonal * Specific * Self-tolerant * Has Memory * Has Homeostasis
33
What are the 5 different lymphocytes?
* Natural Killers * T Regulatory cells * B cells * Dendritic cells * Macrophages * T Helper cells * Cytotoxic T cells
34
Do Natural Killer Cells have surface receptors?
no
35
what is a cytotoxic cell?
it kills another cell directly by degranulation
36
what is a B cell?
cell that neutralizes by using antibodies (has to change to plasma cell)
37
What is a  T helper cell?
i recognizes peptide antigen on dendritic cells using MHC 2 
38
what is a regulatory t cell?
it maintains tolerance against reactive self antigen through anergy
39
what is a natural killer cell?
it will kill cells that have changes in its surface(reduced MHC 1 receptors by either viral infection or stress, broken DNA) 
40
What is the direction followed by maturing lymphocytes?
1) B and T cells get made in the Bone Marrow2) B cells mature in the Bone Marrow3) T cells got to Thymus and mature there4) Mature B/T cells go to Spleen and peripheral lymphoid tissues
41
Where are B cells found in the lymph nodes?
B cells are found in follicles
42
where are B cells found in the spleen?
germinal centers
43
Where do we find T cells in lymph nodes?
paracortex
44
Where do we find T cells in the Spleen?
in the PALS (Peri-Arteriolar Lymphoid Sheeth)
45
What is the MALT?Where is it found?What cells compose the MALT mostly?
Mucosa Associated Lymphoid TissuesWe find it in: Tonsils, GI (ileum, peyer patches), Respiratory TractComposed mostly of memory cells
46
What receptor do naive T cells use to detect chemokines that lead them to the lymph nodes?
CCR7 receptor 
47
What cells draw Mature B cells into the follicles and Germinal centers in order for them to find antigen and differentiate into effector cells?
Follicular dendritic cells
48
What happens to B cells and T cells when they have both found antigen in lymph nodes or Sleen?
they meet at the edge of follicles
49
What cell helps B cells differentiate into plasma cells?
T helper cells
50
What is the path followed by Naive T cells in order to get activated?
1) T cells mature in the Thymus and get released as Naive T cells into the blood2) Naive T cell circulates blood and lymphoid organs3) Go to lymph nodes and enter through High Endothelial Venules using L-Selectin4) Find antigen and comence polyclonal effector activity5) Effector cells leave lymph node into the blood to site of infection
51
When Activated T cell begins to differentiate into many effector cells: What receptors are reduced in its surface?What receptors are increased in its surface?
Increased: Sphingosine 1-Phosphate receptorDecreased: Adhesion molecules and chemokine expression 
52
What does Sphingosine-1-Phosphate do?
It allows effector T cell to leave into the blood
53
what do naive T cells use to enter lymph nodes through High endothelial venules?
L-Selectin
54
Where do we find Central Memory Cells?
in central lymphoid organs 
55
what do central memory cells do?
thy build a secondary response to captured antigen (build effector memory cells to fight off secondary exposure to antigen)
56
Where do we find effector memory cells?
transmigrating through peripheral tissues 

Immunology Block 1 (5 decks)

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