PPT 2 History of Mental Health Care in the Philippines

Question 1

Maladies psychiatric or otherwise were simply believed to be instigated by natural and supernatural occurrences

Answer 1

Pre Spanish era

Question 2

• Aberrant thinking and behavior were attributed to religious factors and supernatural forces
• Mentally ill: offended or displeased deities; work of mangkukulam, devilmen, etc
• Purification & exorcism
• Fold healers or herbolarios

Answer 2

The Spanish era 1521 - 1898

Question 3

The Spanish era

• 1st institutional care of the mentally ill
• 1st Catholic social welfare institution in the country

Answer 3

Hospicio de San Jose (f. 1782)

Question 4

From 1898 to 1946, when mental disability began to be recognized just as any other medical illness

Answer 4

The American regime

Question 5

The American regime

• Nov.1904
• Country’s first ever hospital unit specifically dedicated for the mentally ill under Bureau of Health

Answer 5

Insane Department of San Lazaro Hospital

Question 6

The American regime (Who)

• First Filipino psychiatrist
• Headed the Insane Department of San Lazaro Hospital

Answer 6

Elias Domingo

Question 7

The American regime

• 1918 San Juan del Monte
• Closed: 1935

Answer 7

City Sanitarium Hospital

Question 8

• Inaugurated on December 18, 1928
• First hospital exclusively dedicated for the treatment of patients afflicted with mental and nervous disorders

Answer 8

Insular Psychopathic Hospital

Question 9

Insular Psychopathic Hospital (Who)

Taught psychiatry to medical students who were on clinical practicum

Answer 9

1910, Almond T. Gough and Samuel Tretze

Question 10

The American regime

Opening: 1910

Answer 10

Philippine General Hospital

Question 11

The American Regime

Philippine colleges that began teaching psychiatry

Answer 11

University of the Philippines College of Medicine and University of Santo Tomas Faculty of Medicine

Question 12

• Eruption of World War II in December 1941, progress of psychiatry halted
• Despite continued operation of National Psychopathic
  Hospital, with the war at hand, mentally ill patients were brought home for safety

Answer 12

The Japanese occupation (1898 - 1946)

Question 13

Damages brought by the war resulted in widespread of
emotional distress, igniting again the awareness and appreciation of the discipline of psychiatry

Answer 13

The Era of Liberation

Question 14

The Era of Liberation

Renamed National Mental Hospital (NMH) in July 1946

Answer 14

National Psychopathic Hospital

Question 15

The Era of Liberation

• In 1947, Gustilo performed the first ever prefrontal lobotomy
• 1949, Australia-trained Zaguirre performed the first trans-orbital lobotomy

Answer 15

Victoriano Luna General Hospital

Question 16

The Era of Liberation

• In 1945, Limson started to teach psychiatry as a subject
• In 1950, Paras returned from US to teach psychology
• Reyes assumed the chairmanship in the newly instituted Neuropsychiatry Section under the Department of Medicine

Answer 16

University of the Philippines College of Medicine

Question 17

The Era of Liberation

• In 1947, Section of Neurology and Psychiatry was structured under the Department of Medicine headed by Pardo
• Gamez, an oversea scholar went for psychiatry at the Universidad Central de Madrid.
• In March 1968, Neuropsychiatric institute, Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, reopened after a time of halt, with Gamez as its first chairman and Feliciano as its first graduate

Answer 17

University of Santo Tomas

Question 18

The Era of Liberation

• In 1956, Department of Psychiatry was established under the chairmanship of Zaguirre

Answer 18

University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Medical Center

Question 19

Private agency founded by Toribio Joson of the National Mental Hospital and Manuel Arguelles in 1949

Answer 19

The Philippine Mental Health Association (PMHA)

Question 20

• In 1951, it pioneered a nationwide educational movement through the endorsement of the first National Mental Health Week
• Now: every 2nd week of October

Answer 20

The Philippine Mental Health Association (PMHA)

Question 21

Being idle for quite during the World War II, regained its
proactivity and engagement at 1946 upon the presidency
of Pardo

Answer 21

The Philippine Society of Psychiatry and Neurology

Question 22

• Defined distinctions between the two disciplines of Psychiatry and Neurology, individual departments and training programs were established in the various medical institutions
• Ignacio as its founding president

Answer 22

The Philippine Psychiatric Association

Question 23

• Tool similar to an ice pick is inserted beneath the eyelid
• Make cuts in the brain
• Repeated in other eye

Answer 23

Transorbital lobotomy

Question 24

• Surgeon saws 2 holes in the skull and insert leucotome
• Use cutting wire to sever neural fibers
• Repeated in the second hole

Answer 24

Standard lobotomy

Question 25

“putting in a brain needle and stirring the works“

Answer 25

Lobotomy

Question 26

This caused the decline of lobotomy procedures

Answer 26

Antipsychotic drug development