PPT 2 Part 2

Question 1

Psychologic & physiologic response to stressors

Answer 1

Stress

Question 2

Stimuli in the physical & social environment that produce tension & strain

Answer 2

Stressors

Question 3

• Can be subtle
• Some exposure is okay
• Over time: upsets physical & psychological equilibrium
• Can cause illness directly and promote addictive and risky sexual behaviors

Answer 3

Stress

Question 4

Selye’s Model is called?

Answer 4

General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)

Question 5

• Describes the process through w/c exposure to stressors results in health deficits
• Has three stages

Answer 5

Selye’s Model: GAS

Question 6

3 stages of GAS

Answer 6

1. Alarm reaction
2. Stage of resistance
3. Stage of exhaustion

Question 7

GAS Stage

• Hormonal reactions: ↑heart rate, ↑respiration, ↑blood pressure
• Termed as the fight or flight response

Answer 7

Alarm Reaction

Question 8

GAS Stage

• Body tries to adapt to the stressor
• Physiologic arousal declined & body replenishes hormones released in the 1st stage
• Ability to cope with other stressors is impaired → diseases of adaptation
• Ulcer, high BP, CHD, asthma, impaired immune function

Answer 8

Stage of Resistance

Question 9

GAS Stage

Prolonged physiological arousal due to prolonged stress depletes energy stores

Answer 9

Stage of Exhaustion

Question 10

Consistently high stress hormone levels

Answer 10

Chronic stress

Question 11

During prolonged stress, the stress hormone is ___ higher level

Answer 11

10x

Question 12

Stress can trigger the release of ___, which can lead to inflammation and contribute to various health issues

Answer 12

Cytokines

Question 13

Stress hormone

Answer 13

Cortisol

Question 14

Raises risk for psychiatric disorders (in patients w/ the genetic predisposition & while the brain is still developing)

Answer 14

Severe Or Prolonged Stress

Question 15

Direct effect of stress

Answer 15

Physiological changes in the body

Question 16

Indirect effect of stress

Answer 16

Changes in behavior

Question 17

Hormones can cause ___ beating of the heart, which can be fatal, and also increases in levels of ___ causing a buildup of plaque on the BV

Answer 17

• Fast/ erratic
• Blood lipids

Question 18

First hormone to respond to stress

Answer 18

Catecholamines

Question 19

High cortisol will result in?

Answer 19

Longer inflammation

Question 20

Prompts the immune system to ready itself for infection/ challenges in skin and blood integrity

Answer 20

Acute time limited stressor: fight or flight

Question 21

Weakly associated with different immune consequences

Answer 21

Stressful event sequences

Question 22

• Associated with the most global suppression of immunity
• Duration is a factor

Answer 22

Chronic stressor

Question 23

Vulnerability to stress-related decreases in immune function

Answer 23

Age and disease status

Question 24

Immune System Disorders

Sustained cortisol activity = ↑GI symptoms

Answer 24

Irritable bowel syndrome

Question 25

Can cause ↑GI symptoms

Answer 25

Sustained cortisol activity

Question 26

Immune System Disorders

Neuropeptides released during stress= activate glial cells to produce inflammatory molecules = more inflammation

Answer 26

Multiple sclerosis

Question 27

Combating stress

Answer 27

1. Mediates stress: relationships & other social resources
2. Effective time management
3. Goal setting
4. Prioritizing tasks
5. Realistic about one’s abilities & expectations

Question 28

Managing Stress

Answer 28

• Combination of physical, social, environmental, and psychological approaches to managing stress
• Healthy social interactions and optimizing environmental factors
• Noise, lighting and living space
  o Physical environment and stress in Seasonal depression with limited daylight