PPT-based

Question 1

The functions of the circulatory system

Answer 1

 carry out nutrients and oxygen to cells
 carry waste away from cells
 carry chemical signals from one body
part to another
 distribute heat throughout the body
 maintain fluid levels

Question 2

Who are those that do not need a circulatory system?

Answer 2

unicellular organisms (ex. amoeba)

Question 3

A simple aquatic multicellular organism that lacks a circulatory system.

Answer 3

sponge

Question 4

Who are those that require a circulatory system?

Answer 4

Complex Multicellular Organisms

Question 5

What are the two types of circulatory systems?

Answer 5

open and close

Question 6

blood is pumped by the heart through vessels, and does not normally fill body cavities

Answer 6

close circulatory system

Question 7

What organisms have close circulatory systems?

Answer 7

echinoderms and vertebrates

Question 8

In the open circulatory system, what fluid is pumped through a blood vessel that empties through a body cavity, and what blood vessel does it return to?

Answer 8

hemolymph; ostia

Question 9

What organisms have open circulatory systems?

Answer 9

mollusks
crustaceans
insects

Question 10

What does the Blood circulation
by Cardiovascular System comprised of?

Answer 10

heart
blood vessels
blood

Question 11

What does the Lymph circulation
by Lymphatic System comprised of?

Answer 11

lymphatic vessels
lymph
nodes

Question 12

the central organ of the cardiovascular
system

Answer 12

heart

Question 13

What are the pericardial membranes and layers of the heart wall?

Answer 13

• endocardium
• myocardium
• epicardium
• pericardial layer
• parietal layer of serous pericardium
• fibrous pericardium

Question 14

What are the blood vessel layers?

Answer 14

• tunica externa
• tunica media
• tunica intima
• basement membrane

Question 15

carry blood from the heart to capillaries

Answer 15

arteries

Question 16

What are the types of blood vessels?

Answer 16

• arteries
• veins
• capilliaries

Question 17

What are the types of arteries?

Answer 17

elastic arteries
muscular arteries

Question 18

largest arteries closest to heart; thick layers of elastic fibers

Answer 18

elastic arteries

Question 19

Examples of elastic arteries

Answer 19

aorta and pulmonary arteries

Question 20

The walls of these arteries have lots of smooth muscle, which means that they are able to contract or relax (dilate) to change the amount of blood delivered, as needed.

Answer 20

muscular arteries

Question 21

Examples of muscular arteries

Answer 21

• Femoral
• Radial
• Brachial arteries

Question 22

return blood capillaries to the heart

Answer 22

veins

Question 23

Blood vessel where the transfer system between arteries and veins occur

Answer 23

capillaries

Question 24

transport medium of the circulatory
system

Answer 24

blood

Question 25

How many compartments in the heart does a fish have?

Answer 25

2 compartments

Question 26

What do you call the upper chamber in the heart of a fish?

Answer 26

auricle

Question 27

What do you call the lower chamber in the heart of a fish?

Answer 27

ventricle

Question 28

A chamber in the heart of a fish where all the blood from all the parts of the body is sent

Answer 28

auricle

Question 29

auricle pumps blood into the --- and that pumps that blood to --- for the purpose of oxygenation.

Answer 29

ventricle; gills

Question 30

In a heart of a fish, what is the elastic compartment which does not pump, but has the ability to stretch and squeeze?

Answer 30

cunos

Question 31

How many and what types of hearts does a squid have?

Answer 31

2 gill hearts and 1 systemic heart

Question 32

In squids, what type of heart forces blood under pressure to the gills?

Answer 32

gill heart

Question 33

In squids, what type of heart forces blood under pressure to the rest of the body?

Answer 33

systemic heart

Question 34

In most reptiles and amphibians, how many chambers do their hearts have? What are those?

Answer 34

3 chambers; 2 artia and 1 ventricle

Question 35

In most reptiles and amphibians, what divides the atrium into two separate parts?

Answer 35

septum

Question 36

What do animals have when both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood are mixed? What are those animals?

Answer 36

2 atria, 1 ventricle; reptiles and amphibians

Question 37

What do you call a circulation that comprises one atrium and one ventricle? What type of capillaries do they have?

Answer 37

single circulation; gill capillaries

Question 38

What circulation do reptiles, amphibians, and mammals have? What type of capillaries do they have?

Answer 38

double circulation; lung capillaries

Question 39

How many and what are the chambers in a mammalian heart?

Answer 39

2 ventricles, 2 atria

Question 40

causes both atria to contract simultaneously 70-80 impulses

Answer 40

sinoatrial node (pacemaker)

Question 41

passes the impulse to the walls of the ventricles, which contract simultaneously

Answer 41

atrioventricular node

Question 42

Fluid found in the spaces around cells. It comes from substances that leak out of blood capillaries (the smallest type of blood vessel). It helps bring oxygen and nutrients to cells and to remove waste products from them.

Answer 42

interstitial fluid

Question 43

the fluid exits the capillary when

Answer 43

hydrostatic pressure is greater than the osmotic pressure

Question 44

the fluid re-enters the capillary when

Answer 44

osmotic pressure is greater than the hydrostatic pressure

Question 45

supports the circulatory system by draining excess fluids and proteins from tissues back into the bloodstream, thereby preventing tissue swelling.

Answer 45

lymphatic system

Question 46

two types of adaptive immune response that enable the human body to defend itself in a targeted way against harmful agents such as bacteria, viruses, and toxins. Both rely on the functions of lymphoid cells

Answer 46

Humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity

Question 47

is all about the b cells and antibodies, its main function is to provide immediate protection against many bacteria and viruses. This is activated when cells in the body are infected by a virus, bacterium, or fungus (intracellular invaders).

Answer 47

Humoral Immune Response

Question 48

What cell produces antibodies?

Answer 48

plasma cells

Question 49

Example conditions of humoral Immune Response

Answer 49

anaphylaxis and eczema

Question 50

does not rely on antibodies to perform adaptive immunological activities.

Answer 50

cell-mediated response

Question 50

is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction. It can occur within seconds or minutes of exposure to something you're allergic to, such as peanuts or bee stings.

Answer 50

anaphylaxis

Question 51

What cells activate cell-mediated immunity?

Answer 51

T cells

Question 52

the main drivers of cell-mediated immunity

Answer 52

- Mature T cells - macrophages - the production of cytokines in response to an antigen

Question 53

Example conditions of the cell-mediated response

Answer 53

toenail fungus and Contact dermatitis