PPT- Clare Phys

Question 1

What is the action of inhibin in the male reproductive system?

Answer 1

Slows down the production of sperm

Question 2

Where does inhibin come from?

Answer 2

Sertoli cells

Question 3

In what structure do sperm mature?

Answer 3

Epididymis

Question 4

Which structure produces a solution to protect sperm from the acidic environment inside the vagina?

Answer 4

Seminal vesicles

Question 5

What is the primary difference between oogenesis and spermatogenesis?

Answer 5

Spermatogenesis produces four sperm while oogenesis produces one ovum

Question 6

Testosterone is produced by what cells in the male testis?

Answer 6

Leydig

Question 7

What are Sertoli cells held together by?

Answer 7

Tight junctions
Blood testis barrier

Question 8

What is the role of Sertoli cells?

Answer 8

Release chemical messengers that stimulate germ cell growth and development

Question 9

How long does spermatogonia take to become mature spermatozoa?

Answer 9

74 days

Question 10

What supply to penile arteriolar will result in erection?

Answer 10

Parasympathetic

Question 11

What supply to penile arteriolar will result in ejaculation?

Answer 11

Sympathetic

Question 12

How many spermatogonic stages are there?

Answer 12

6

Question 13

What is the preferred substrate for glycolysis in primary spermatocytes?

Answer 13

Lactate

Question 14

Where does the lactate for glycolysis come from?

Answer 14

Sertoli cells via the glut1 transporter

Question 15

What is testosterone from leydig cells converted to estradiol by?

Answer 15

Aromatase from Sertoli cells

Question 16

What is a by product of testosterone production?

Answer 16

DHT produced as a result of 5A reductase

Question 17

What is the function of testosterone in the male?

Answer 17

Regulates Sertoli cell number

Question 18

What hormone supports leydig cell growth and development?

Answer 18

Lutenising hormone

Question 19

What do the mature sperm have in the head piece?

Answer 19

Acrosome

Question 20

What does the surface membrane of the sperm contain?

Answer 20

Hyaluronidase (PH20)

Question 21

What is the structure on the outside of the egg that the sperm must penetrate in order to achieve fertilisation?

Answer 21

Zona pellucida

Question 22

When does meiosis begin in the female?

Answer 22

Early fetal life

Question 23

At birth, the primary oocyte is in?

Answer 23

Meiotic arrest

Question 24

What is the functional unit of the ovary?

Answer 24

Follicle

Question 25

When does the primordial follicle first appear?

Answer 25

Second trimester

Question 26

The stratified multilayered epithelium found around the oocyte contains?

Answer 26

Granulosa cells

Question 27

what cells secrete inhibin in the female?

Answer 27

Granulosa cells

Question 28

What are the two main phases in follicular development?

Answer 28

Preantral and antral follicle

Question 29

Which phase is gonadotrophin independent?

Answer 29

Preantral

Question 30

What glycoproteins does the oocyte of a Preantral follicle secrete?

Answer 30

ZP1, ZP2, ZP3

Question 31

What receptor do Granulosa cells express?

Answer 31

FSH

Question 32

Which cells of the female system express the LH receptor?

Answer 32

Thecal

Question 33

What hormone is the antral follicle dependent on for normal development?

Answer 33

FSH

Question 34

The antrum separates the Granulosa cells into what?

Answer 34

Mural and cumulus layers

Question 35

What are the steroidgenic cells of the follicle?

Answer 35

Mural Granulosa cells

Question 36

The dominant follicle has the most?

Answer 36

FHs responsive cells

Question 37

Which hormone is responsible for initiating ovulation?

Answer 37

Lutenisisng hormone

Question 38

What happens to the theca and Granulosa cells?

Answer 38

Inflammatory cytokines and hydrolytic enzymes are released

Question 39

What is the role of the oocyte in ovulation?

Answer 39

Secretes GDF9 causing the cumulus cells to secrete hyaluronic acid from the extracellular matrix proteins making cumulus oocyte complex bigger for expulsion

Question 40

Wheee does the blood supply for corpus luteum come from?

Answer 40

Granula cells secrete antigenic factors which increases blood supply

Question 41

What is luteinisation?

Answer 41

Change in steroidgenic function of mural and thecal cells Start to produce lots of progesterone and estrogen

Question 42

What hormone is responsible for the growth of the endometrial lining during each ovarian cycle?

Answer 42

Progesterone

Question 43

In what structure is the egg usually fertilised?

Answer 43

Oviduct

Question 44

What are the 3 phases of the uterine cycle?

Answer 44

Menstrual, proliferating and secretory

Question 45

What hormone changes occur during menopause?

Answer 45

Estrogen, progesterone and cortisol

Question 46

After implantation, what prevents the corpus luteum from degenerating?

Answer 46

hCG is transported in the enriched blood supply of the endometrium to the ovary

Question 47

What do cumulus cells express in its matrix?

Answer 47

Hyaluronic acid

Question 48

What pathway is stimulated for egg activation?

Answer 48

Ca mediated phospholipase c

Question 49

What are the two trophoblast cell types that differentiate from the trophectoderm during implantation?

Answer 49

Cytotropblast and syncitiotrophoblast

Question 50

What is the role of the placenta?

Answer 50

Exchange of gases and nutrients between the maternal and foetal circulation

Question 51

What gene is key to sex determination?

Answer 51

srY gene

Question 52

MIS belongs to what gene family?

Answer 52

TGF-B

Question 53

What pathway does MIS activate?

Answer 53

Smad signalling pathway

Question 54

What percentage of loss germ cells degeneration occurs during meiosis?

Answer 54

30-40%

Question 55

What is ABP?

Answer 55

Androgen binding protein which maintains high androgen level in the adluminal compartment

Question 56

How long are spermatozoa in lumen of seminiferous tubules immotile?

Answer 56

20 days

Question 57

Importance of transferrin made by Sertoli cells

Answer 57

Effectively transports iron around the tight junction complexes to the developing germ cells

Question 58

How many spermatozoa cells are produced daily?

Answer 58

300 million