PPT Questions E.1

Question 1

Major elements required for life in each biomolecule

Answer 1

CHNOPS

• carbon
• hydrogen
• nitrogen
• phosphorus
• sulfur
• CHO are the majority of atoms in an organism

Question 2

Covalent bond interactions

Answer 2

• share electron pairs between atoms; are strong bonds

- used in water between hydrogen and oxygen

Question 3

Noncovalent bond interactions

Answer 3

• variations in electromagnetic interactions within a molecule or between molecules; weaker than covalent
• used between water molecules

Question 4

Hydrophobic effect

Answer 4

• phenomenon by which nonpolar molecules aggregate to avoid contact with polar molecules
• like water

Question 5

Hydrophobic effect on membranes

Answer 5

• drives membrane formation

- when exposed to water phospholipids spontaneously form membranes (amphipathic)

Question 6

Hydrophobic effect on proteins

Answer 6

• nonpolar AA have a strong tendency to associate in the interior
• polar AA on the exterior for weak noncovalent interactions (form hydrogen bonds and van der waals interactions and help stabilize structures)

Question 7

Hydrophobic effect on nucleic acids

Answer 7

• nitrogenous bases drive to interior of double helix so phosphate can form H bonds
• nitrogenous bases are nonpolar due to cyclic planar but form H bonds with one another

Question 8

How do noncovalent interactions impact H bonds

Answer 8

• it competes with other molecules to form bonds

Question 9

What are Van der Waals interactions

Answer 9

• interactions between 2 or more atoms induced by close proximity (transient asymmetry)

Question 10

How does water impact VDW interactions

Answer 10

• increases distance b/w atoms

- forms H bonds with atoms