Pq 2 Flashcards
(171 cards)
1
Q
Which lymph nodes can you feel in rectal examination of a horse?
A
Mesenteric lns , cecal ln.
2
Q
What recess can you find at acute margin of the lung?
A
Recessus costodiaphragmaticus
3
Q
What are the puncta maxima of the heart?
A
spp Valve Left side Right side Eq Pulmonary Tr. 3 i.c. (mid D/3) Aorta 4 i.c. (5 cm below shoulder) LAV 4-5 i.c. (D/3) RAV 3-4 i.c. (D/5) Ru Pulmonary Tr. 2-3 i.c. (D/3) Aorta 3-4 i.c.(2 cm below shoulder) LAV 4 i.c (D/3) RAV 3 i.c. (D/3) Ca Pulmonary Tr. 3 i.c. (above sternum) Aorta 4 i.c. (shoulder level) LAV 5 i.c. (D/3) RAV 4 i.c. (D/3)
4
Q
Where can you find the cardiac dullness of Ru. On the right side?
A
No cardiac dullness. Heart of Ru. Covered by lungs on the right side
5
Q
What urogenital lig. Can be used for orientation during rectal examination of Eq.?
A
lig. renolienalis
6
Q
What diverticulum can you feel in rectal examination of Ru.?
A
Sub-urethral diverticulum
7
Q
Which male accessory gland is found around the neck of the bladder of dog?
A
Prostate
8
Q
Name the lymph node found ventral to paralumbar fossa in horse?
A
Subiliac ln.
9
Q
Which ln. is found in front of the scapula?
A
Supf. cervical ln.
10
Q
What are the injection sites for common/profound peroneal n. (dog+horse)?(Fibular)
A
- Eq common Fibular: 12-15 cm prox to calcanean tub. In bw. Long and lateral digital extensors
- Dog: distally in mid way bw. Hock and stifle, in the groove bw. Long digital extensor and peroneus longus (deep peroneal n.).
Second option: block nerve
where it is palpable at proximal-lateral fibular head (common peroneal n.).
11
Q
What is the lateral point of injection into the stifle?
A
Eq + dog: at recess of extensor groove (next to tendon of long digital extensor)
12
Q
Does the perineum cover the cervix?
A
Yes (Note: other pq says NO! :-(
13
Q
On which direction run the last limb of duodenum in horse?
A
Short ascending duodenum, run cranially from Rt to Lt till the duodenojejunal flexure
14
Q
Where is the dilatation of the colon in the horse located?
A
“ampula coli” – right dorsal colon (invested within the costal cage)
15
Q
What are auscultation / percussion?
A
- Auscultation – listening, either directly or through a stethoscope, to sounds within
the body. - Percussion – tapping on surface of part of the body to detect its resonance.
16
Q
Efferent nerve of pupillary reflex?
A
Occulomotor n. (III)
17
Q
Which sound is the first heart sound?
A
Systolic (closure of the cuspid valves)
18
Q
Which is the second heart sound?
A
Diastolic (closure of semilunar valves)
19
Q
When can’t you hear the heart sound?
A
During inspiration
20
Q
In which spp. The stomach is in contact with the wall?
A
Only in Ru
22
Q
Which spp. Have suburethral diverticulum?
A
Ru. + Su
23
Q
Where is the esophagus placed in the upper neck?
A
Cervical part - dorsal to trachea and shifts to left on its way to thoracic part.
24
Q
How many opening of mammary glands in all species?
A
Total thoracic,abdominal, inguinal ,openings in each teat Mare 2: - - 1 2 Sow 12-14: 2 3 2 2/3 Cat 8: 2 1 1 3 bitch 10: 2, 2, 1, 12 cow 2 - - 1 1 (wrong)
24
Q
name the patellar liggs in cattle?
A
Medial, middle, lateral
25
Location of spleen in poultry?
Left side
26
What is the best place to check pulse in cattle?
Coccygeal artery (but also facial and palmar arteries)
27
Dental formula of dog?
Dental formula of Eq?
Dental formula of Ru?
Dental formula of Su?
Dental formula of dog? 2*(I3/3,C1/1,P4/4,M2/3)=42
Dental formula of Eq? 2*(I3/3,C1/1,P3(4)/3,M3/3)=40(42)
Dental formula of Ru? 2*(I0/4,C0/0,P3/3,M3/3)=32 Dental formula of Su? 2*(I3/3,C1/1,P4/4,M3/3)=44
28
Ribs number in the different spp?
Ca-13
Eq-18
Ru-13
Su-14
29
Which nerves are anesthetized when dehorning?
Cornual n. (branch of lacrimal – ophthalmic – trigeminal) + C1-C2 (cervical nn.) + n. auricularis caudalis
30
Injection point for distal MC nerve block?
4 injections – next to distal part of each splint bone
31
Pulse taking from MT?
From dorsal aspect (cranial tibial artery)
32
The gall bladder of the dog?
On the Rt to median plane, bw. Quadrate and Rt medial lobes of liver
33
Motor innervetion of tongue?
Hypoglossal n.
34
Which nn. supply the skin of head in Eq?
Trigeminal: supraorbital (v1), infraorbital (v2), mental (v3), infratrochlear (+truncus
facialis), auriculo-temporal (v3)
35
Facial n. is responsible for?
Mimics and facial expression + skin
36
Can the stomach of dog border with the abdominal wall?
Sometimes (when full)
37
Which kidney is palpable in rectal examination of Eq?
Left kidney
38
Which lameness indicates joints degeneration?
Supportive leg lameness (warm up pain)
39
Which lameness indicates muscles, tendons, liggs disorder?
Swinging leg lameness
40
Where is the ampula colli located?
Rt dorsal colon
41
Which lig. Is attached to joint capsule of the stifle?
Medial collateral lig.
42
Injection into fetlock?
Palmar recess, in front of m. interosseus, just proximal to sessamoid bone
43
Lung borders of Eq/dog?
Vc Tc Ti Sh
Eq 17 16 14 9
Ru 12 11 - 8
Ca 12 11 10 8
44
Intravenous injection site of Eq and dog?
- Eq: jugular vein (cephalic?)
| - Dog: jugular, saphenous, cephalic veins
45
Which are the nn. of palpebrae?
Afferent – trigeminal (ophthalmic), efferent - facial
46
Where is the attachment of greater omentum of Ru?
Sulcus longitudinalis.
47
Where is the cecum of Eq located?
Rt side
48
Which heart wall is most cranial?
Rt wall (auricular).
49
Pulse taking Eq Bo Ca?
Eq – facial artery,
Ca – femoral artery,
Ru – coccygeal artery
50
Which structures lie in the incisura vasorum facialum?
Facial vein and artery, parotid duct.
51
Sinus system of Ru?
- Maxillary sinus communicates lacrimal sinus
- Ethmoidal sinus comunicates sphenoid + frontal
- Palatine sinus
52
Spleen location?
Left dorsal
53
Which nerve supply nostrils?
Maxillary n. – (infraorbital), ophthalmic n. (nasociliare)
54
Which mesentery is related to a kidney?
mesoduodenum
55
Position of the descending duodenum?
Rt side
56
Sensory nerves of tongue?
Glossophryngeal (IX), Facial (VII), Mandibular – lingual n. (V3),
57
Position of the reticulum?
Left ventral abdominal wall, 7-9 i.c space.
58
Where can you find the liver of Ru?
Rt to omasum
59
Which joint is used for high digital block?
Fetlock
60
How the sigmoid flexure of bull related to the deferent duct?
Caudally
62
Tarsocrural and proximal tarsal row communicate?
Yes
62
Which can be injection site in Ru?
- v. cava caud
- v. jugularis
- sinus orbitalis
- dorsal ear
63
Which features found in rectal examination of Ru?
- Lt – rumen, abomasum
- Rt – small intestines, caudal flexure of duodenum, bladder, uterus, colon
- Middle – both kidneys, left ureter, ovaries
64
What will be blocked by mandibular nerve block?
Salivary glands, mastication mm, lower teeth and lip, tongue.
65
Which nerve must be anesthetized when dehorning?
- n. zygomaticus
- n. occipitalis
- n. auriculopalpebral
66
On which side of greater omentum lie the centripetal colon?
lamina visceralis
67
Which facial muscles innervate the trigeminus?
Muscles of mastication
68
Which nerve innervates upper palpebra?
- Sensor – maxillary
| - Motor – facial
69
What is the difference bw. Rt and Lt uterine horns?
Rt is longer (more cran.)
70
Which structure is cranial to ligament vesicale laterale?
The round ligament of bladder (lig. teres vesicae)
71
The major artery of the retina?
Central retinal artery – ophthalmic artery – internal carotid artery
(The rest of eyeball supplied by external ophthalmic art. – maxillary art. – external
carotid art.)
72
Which large salivary gland can not be palpated in the dog?
Zygomatic gland
74
Which tendon is parallel to the patellar lig?
Long digital extensor
74
Which sp. Have the patellar ln.?
Eq
75
Which ln. is bw. Latissimus dorsi and deep pectoral ?mm.?
axillary accessory ln
76
Facial n. (VII) is it motor or sensor?
Both
77
Which kidney can be palpated by rectal examination of Eq?
Caudal pole of Lt Kidney.
78
Which inguinal ring can you feel in Eq, under rectal examination?
Deep
79
Is abomasum is in contact with the abdominal wall?
Yes (ventrally)
80
On which side of the greater omentum found the colon desc of Ru?
Visceral laminae
81
Nerve of facial expression?
VII.
82
Which nerves innervate muscles of mastication?
Trigeminal n.(V) – mandibular n. (V3) (masseter, temporalis, buccalis nn.)
83
Do the Rt and Lt recesses of stifle joint communicate in the dog?
Yes (also in Ru)
84
N. digitalis palmaris block?
R. pulvinus – ventrolateral to coronary band
| R. palmaris – half way bw. Coffin and pastern joints, on lateral palmar aspect
85
High digital block?
At level of fetlock joint, ventrolateral to prox. Sessamoid bone (will block r. dorsalis as well).
86
Proximal M.C. block?
Ulnar n. – lateral injection 10 cm ventral to carpal joint.
87
Ulnar n. block?
Both dog and Eq: At ulnar groove – bw. extensor and flexor carpi ulnare (10 cm prox.
Accessory bone)
88
Carpal joint injection?
- Dog: lateral to accessory cephalic vein (bw. Common and lateral digital
extensors)
- 2 sites:
1. carpo-metacarpo + intercarpal: on either side of EDR tendon
2. Radio-carpo: on either side of EDR tendon, or palmar recess in front of ulnaris
lateralis (prox to accessory carpal bone)
89
Shoulder joint injection?
- dog: in front or behind the tendon of origin of m. infraspinatus
- Eq: 2 joint cavities
1. in front of m. infraspinatus tendon (over the greater tubercle)
2. From tub. Deltoidea upwards (up to the bursa of biceps tendon)
90
Injection into digital sheath?
Behind (palmar aspect) to m. interosseus, at level of proximal sessamoid.
91
Carpal sheath?
On palmar aspect, 10 cm distal to accessory carpal bone, behind m. interosseus.
92
Injection into tarsal joint?
Injection into tarsal joint?
- Eq: 2 injection points:
1. tibio-tarsal joint: dorso-medial aspect (bw. Tibia and talus)
2. Tarsal MT joint : either medial bw. Tc-T3 or lateral
bw. T4-splint bone.
93
Stifle joint injection?
Stifle joint injection?
- Dog: best over extensor groove of tibia (recess of long digital extensor m.)
- Eq: 2 injection points:
1. Medial: bw. Medial and intermediate patellar ligaments.
2. Lateral: extensor groove recess.
94
On which side lie abomasum?
On which side lie abomasum? Rt. Ventral wall
95
On which side lie abomasum?
Rt. Ventral wall
96
Which premolar is the shortest?
Dog: 1st, Eq: 2nd
97
Directions of the ascending colon in Eq?
Rt vent – sternal flexure – Lt vent –
| pelvic flexure – Lt dorsal – diaphragmatic flexure – Rt dorsal (ampula coli)
98
Is the stomach in contact with abdominal wall?
Su – yes, Ru – yes, Dog – no, Eq - no
99
Where to take pulse in the leg?
A. femoralis (dog)
100
Which features run in inc. vasorum facialum of goat?
v.+a. facialis, parotid duct
101
Nerve block of paralumbal anesthesia?
L1-L2 (iliohypogastric + ilioinguinal)
102
Location of spleen?
- Dog: Lt abdominal wall, emerge behind costal cartilage
| - Eq: 11-17 i.c. on dorsal Lt. can emerge out of ribs cage when stomach full.
103
. Describe the colon ascendens of Ru?
Proximal S shaped loop (towards caud) – in cone shape: centripetal loops (inwards) –
central flexure – centrifugal loops (outwards) – distal loop (towards left)
104
Which structure is in front of m. interosseus?
Which structure is in front of m. interosseus?
| Splint bone and carpal/fetlock joint capsule
105
Which structure is in front of m. interosseus?
Splint bone and carpal/fetlock joint capsule
106
Location of for. Mandibulae?
Medial mandible – at level of occlusal surface in line bw. Temporomandibular joint
and inc. vasorum facialum (mid way to zygomatic arch)
107
```
Which side (Eq)?
Spleen
Ostium iliocecale
Small intestines
Flexura pelvina
```
Spleen – Lt dorsal
Ostium iliocecale – Rt ventral
Small intestines – (jejunum) Lt dorsal
Flexura pelvina – Lt caudal
108
Name the carpal bones?
- Ca (total 7 bones): (prox) C-accessory, Cu, Cir, (dist) C1, C2, C3, C4
- Eq (total 7 bones): (prox) C-accessory, Cu, Ci, Cr, (dist) C2, C3, C4
- Pig (8): all bones exist
- Ru (6): (prox) C-accessory, Cu, Ci, Cr, (dist) C2+3 fused, C4
109
Palpable features in rectal examination of cow?
- Left – spleen, rumen
- Middle – Lt + Rt kidney
- Right – small intestines, colon, bladder, uterus
110
Which are the nn. of nostrils?
Trigeminal: ophthalmic n – nasocilliary n.
| Maxillary – infraorbital n. – ext/int nasal n.
111
innervation of optic n.?
Retina (special sensor) - Vision, transmission of light (pupillary reflex)
112
Innervation of occulomotor?
Pupil, dorsal, med, ventral recti mm. ventral oblique m. levator palpebrae
113
innervation of supraorbital n.?
Forehead (not present in Ru and Ca)
114
```
blood draining in:
Eq:
Dog:
Ru:
Pig:
```
Eq: v. jugularis ext
Dog: v. cephalica + v. saphena
Ru: v. coccygea + v. cava cran
Pig: v. auricularis + v. cava cran
115
Anesthesia of tibial n.?
Proximal to calcaneus. Bw. Deep and supf. digital flexor mm.
116
Anesthesia to median n.?
- Eq: medial, prox. To elbow joint (palpable next to chestnut)
- Dog: medial, distal 1/3 of forearm, bw. Flexor carpi radiale and supf
digital flex. Mm
117
lobulation of the lungs?
- Eq - Lt: cran + caud, Rt: cran + caud + accessory
- Dog (+Su) - Lt: cran + caud, Rt: cran + middle + caud + accessory
- Ru - Lt: cran + caud, Rt: cran + middle + caud + accessory
118
navicular disease?
Coffin joint – the deep digital flexor tendon + navicular bursa + sessamoid lig damage (blood supply problem)
119
In Eq: does the femoropatellar joint capsule communicate with lat or med
femoro-tibial capsule?
Medial
120
From which menisci in dog, the meniscofemoral lig emerge?
Lateral
121
. which problem indicates:
- Supporting limb lameness:
- Swinging limb lameness:
- Supporting limb lameness: joint damage
| - Swinging limb lameness: muscle + tendons damage
122
How to treat “club hoof”? x)
Cut lig accessories (or only supf digital flex)
123
How to treat bone spavin?
Transect cunean tendon of tibialis cran
124
On which side of greater omentum lie the centripetal colon?
Lamina visceralis
125
On which side of mesentery lie the centripetal colon?
Left
126
Where does the omasum lie?
Dorsal to reticulum, covered by omentum, faces liver on Rt side.
127
innervation of the head in Eq?
Eyes: abduscent + trochlear + occulomotor (motors) + Optic (sensor)
Muscles: Trigeminal (motor tp mastication and sensor to skin) + facial (mimics)
vagus + glossopharyngeal + hypoglossal + C1-2
128
Where can you find the head of cecum in Eq?
On the Rt side (apex at sternum, base at fossa paralumbalis)
129
Pulse in leg?
Ca – femoral artery
| Eq – median artery, cran. tibial?
130
What does the pre-tracheal fascia not covers?
The common carotid artery
131
Sinus system in cattle?
separated
132
Pulse in hind limb?
Femoral artery + dorsal MT artery
133
Eruption of Di2 in Eq?
6 weeks (1-2 month)
134
What appears on lingual surface of cup, after some time of wear?
Dental spot (dentin)
135
Which nerve block does not anasthetise the dorsal side of foot?
Palmar n. block
136
What is bone spavin – how to treat it?
Degeneration of tarsus. Flex tarsus for few mins, or transect tibialis cranialis tendon.
137
Which nerve found bw. the 2 heads of the flexors of ulna?
n. ulnaris
138
Which lymphnodes are found bw the legs of dog?
Inguinal (mammary/scrotal)
139
The lingual surface is _______ than the buccal surface of premolar teeth.
Lower
140
Does the cervix covered by peritoneum?
no
141
Which vessels contribute to thoracic mammary glds?
Internal thoracic + pudenda externa (- supf epigastric – rr. mammary)
142
Folds of rumen?
Villi. Rt+Lt accessory grooves, dors+vent coronary grooves,
| cran+caud grooves, ruminoreticular groove.
143
Cranial nerve IX – motor, sensor or mixed?
Mixed
144
Spleen location?
Eq: 10-18 ribs,
Ca: 10-13 ribs,
Ru: 7/8-13 rib
145
Afferent nerves to palpebrae?
V – ophthalmic – frontalis
| VII – auriculopapebral
146
Hilus of Lt kidney in Ru?
Dorsal
147
Pulse on MT bones?
Dorsal (cran tibial artery – dors MT – dors pedal)
148
The gall bladder of dog – on which side?
Rt (bw. Rt medial and quadrate lobes
| of liver)
149
Which organ can you find on the Rt to omasum?
Liver
150
Which joint is blocked by distal MC block? Fetlock + pastern + coffin
Fetlock + pastern + coffin
151
On which direction run the Lt ventral colon?
caudally
152
Does the frontal sinus of cattle communicate the maxillary?
Never
153
Which sinus extends to the horns?
Frontal
154
How does the sigmoid flexure of bull related to the defferent duct?
it is caudoventral to ductus deferens.
155
Which structures will be anasthetised when mandibular nerve is blocked?
The salivary glands.
156
i.c. space of reticulum?
6-8
157
Which nerve anesthetized when injecting to L2?
Paralumbar nn.
158
Which structure attaches patella in its fossa (locking patella)?
Tub. trochlea
159
Where is the crop located?
Rt
160
Unpaired air-sacs?
Cervical (interclavicular?)
161
Which ligament suspends the female organs?
The broad lig (mesovarium,
| mesosalpinx, mesometrium)
162
Where to puncture the medial femorotibial joint?
Bw. Med and middle patellar
| liggs.
163
Position of RAV in Ru?
3rd ic. Space (on the Rt)
164
Which tendon runs under lat-collat lig of stifle?
Popliteal tendon
165
Direction of the ilium in Eq?
from Lt to Rt
166
Mammary glands in different spp?
Eq: 2, Ru: 2, dog: 10, Su: 14
167
Mammary glands in different spp?
Eq: 2,
Ru: 2,
dog: 10,
Su: 14
168
Which structure in dog should be considered while draining CSF from cisterna
magna?
The proc. Spinosus of the Axis bone (projects cranially over the atlas)
169
Which nerve run with the cephalic v.?
supf. radial
170
Where id the injection point for gall bladder in Ru, Eq?
Ru: 10 i.c. space, Eq: have no gall bladder.
171
Does the frontal sinus of Ru communicate with the maxillary sinus?
No.
