PR 2 Flashcards
study
HOTS
higher-order thinking
strategies
Thinking in this manner
makes you ask open-ended
questions to elicit views, opinions,
and beliefs of others in relation to
your research.
(Small 2012)
an act of asking questions
a process that has the aim of
augmenting knowledge, resolving
doubt or solving problem.
INQUIRY
a systematic examination of a
certain event or phenomenon
INVESTIGATION
What makes research different
from investigation is that the
former undergoes
“immersion”
a process whereby a researcher
immerses (deeply involves) himself
in the data gathering activities and
the data he has gathered are
carefully read or examined by him
in details.
IMMERSION
Conducting the …are part of
immersion activities of a qualitative
researcher.
interviews and
focus group discussions (FGDs) as
well as participatory rapid
appraisal (PRA)
a systematic and refined technique
of thinking, employing specialized
tools, instruments, and procedures
in order to obtain a more adequate
solution to a problem.
RESEARCH
Research Process
- starts with a problem
- going to the
collection of data - analysis and
interpretation of incontrovertible
facts and evidences - ends with a problem
Research instruments
checklist, survey questionnaire and
multiple-choice paper-pencil test
makes you focus your mind on
specific things by means of
statistics that involve collection and
study of numerical data.
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
research is a way of making any
phenomenon or any sensory
experience clearer or more
meaningful by gathering and
examining facts and information
about such person, thing, place, or
event appealing to your senses.
(Suter 2012; Russell 2013)
IMPORTANCE
- obtaining an objective
understanding of people, things,
places, and events in this world;
meaning - study their
surroundings as objective as they
can - obtain
information about specified
personality traits of a group
member or of the group as a whole
CHARACTERISTICS
- structured research instruments.
- larger sample sizes that are randomly chosen
- replicated or repeated
- defined research question
- aspects of the study are carefully designed before data are collected.
- numbers and statistics
- tables, graphs, figures or other non-textual forms
- generalize concepts more widely, predict future results, or investigate causal relationships
- questionnaires or computer software,
to collect numerical data - Findings are reusable
Strengths
- can test and validate
- tests hypotheses
- can generalize research findings and replicated
- predictions about significant events
- precise quantitative numerical data
- have higher credibility with people in power
- data analysis is less time consuming
- some quantitative methods are relatively quick
Weaknesses
- difficulty in data analysis
- extra resources
- expensive and lots of time for statistics
- limited outcomes
- a lot of resources for data collection
- prone to manipulation
To observe and report on
a certain phenomenon
Descriptive Research
test for the relationship between
two variables
Correlational Research
obtain scores from 2
variables for each subject, then use
them to calculate a correlation
coefficient
Bivariate
one predictor
variable predicts a criterion
variable
Prediction Studies
Using other variables
which contribute to an overall
prediction in an equation that adds
together the predictive power of
each identified variable
Multiple Regression Prediction
Studies
this research
methods are employed to measure
the existing phenomenon without inquiring into why it exists. This
type of research is used to describe
trends
Survey Research
approach to
problem - solving seeks to answer
question to real facts relating to
existing conditions
Status Research
this
method is employed in natural
sciences subjects; collected,
identified and classified from
taxonomic order
Classification Research
