PRAC RES PT Flashcards by Lance Amores

Prepare the filipinos for a possible invasion. Helped trained the Dumagueteños

CEA (Civillians Emergency Administration)

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Mariano Perdices’ nickname

Tsila

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Home Economics Teacher

Frances Rodgers

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Head Nurse of the Mission Hospital)

Alice Fullerton

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attempt to account for the past by showing what causes produced what effects or results

Historical Method; defined by Dr. Florentino H. Hornedo

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Why did perdices hide when the Japanese came

He was scared the Japanese would kill him as he looked like and American.

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Data collection/source method of the research

Archival work (e.g. government documents, personal diaries, and books); but
interviews were also done - to get information

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2 categories during Japanese invasion

People who collaborated and

People who resisted against the Japanese

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Two Types of Japanese Police

Kempeitai (Secret Police) (More Violent),

Keibitani (Regular Army)

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Throughout the whole duration of Japanese occupation in Dumaguete, Perdices – being the
wartime mayor – was able to know, and somehow
casually befriend, the five Japanese commanders

Captain Tsuda,
Lieutenant Shirai (who was the strictest of them all, according to Perdices),
Lieutenant Tanaka,
Captain Sakamoto,
Colonel Oie.

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a Christian
– who used to play basketball with Perdices and
his team called the Eight O’Clockers.

Captain Sakamoto

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Life in the occupied area – that is,
Dumaguete – during the Japanese occupation was _____________

rather mundane.

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During the war, playing ___________was one of the means of amusement of the Dumagueteños, especially for the mayor who was a sports enthusiast.

basketball

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organized by Japanese which consisted of Filipino volunteers whose responsibility was to maintain peace in the municipality “They were generally young men who were veterans of Bataan and Corregidor”

Bureau of Constabulary (BoC)

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The guerrilla forces abhorred those who worked for the BoC which was headed by____________________; on the other hand, although not entirely, the members of the BoC also despised the guerrillas who persecuted some of their colleagues as traitors.

Col. Salvador Abcede

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guerrilla movement that was particularly active in the hinterlands and was being headed by a certain _________

Maj. Juan Dominado

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It was in fact, ____________, who
convinced Cimafranca to join the guerrilla movement and appointed him as a part of the
Intelligence Section stationed in the occupied area (Cleope, nd).

Maj. Dominado

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where the blueprint was hidden

Clandestine inside the bar of the handle of a bicycle

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Col. SatosiOie, officially surrendered with his samurai formally handed over on _______________, at __________________

September 22, 1945 Guinsoan, Zamboanguita

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District Engr of Negros Oriental

Asst. Engr

Collaborated with the Geurilla

Engr. Eduardo J. Blanco

Engr. Jovenal Somoza

Lorenzo Cimafranca

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Perdices’ sons and daughter

Their eldest, Eduardo
Judas (Bolone), was the secretary to his father during his last years as Governor. He was also a former barangay captain of the Rizal Boulevard area, formally known as Barangay 5.
Their second eldest son, Agustin Ramon (Tuting), was the one who followed his father’s footsteps, as he was the former (undefeated) Mayor of Dumaguete City from 1988-1998, 2001-2010, and Governor of Negros Oriental from July 2010-January 2011. Tuting was married to Maria Eugenia Araneta.
Mariano Guillermo (married to Maricar Gonzales), who worked as a manager of Warner Barnes in Cebu;
Luis Crispin
(married to MaripazGallaga), who used to work for the foreign service in Manila;
Augusto Manuel
(married to MarianelaNeriVamenta), who worked with the local DBP office and is now a barangay councilor; and
Victor Douglas (married to Purita
Gala), who worked as manager of a private bank in Manila.
Their youngest, and the only girl, Maria
Antonia (married to Commodore George Templo) who is a medical doctor.

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Perdices’ rival for mayoralty and the incumbent mayor

Pedro Teves

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when did Japan arrived in Dumaguete (Dumaguete was empty because ppl flew to the hinterland)

Early morning May 26, 1942

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When did Americans arrived in Dumaguete

Dawn of April 26, 1945

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. Mentioned in the case of ______, a sergeant of the Provincial Guard Service under the command of Governor Guillermo “Memong” Villanueva and who also worked in the Public Opinion Office8, was another instance of Perdices’ efforts to save liv

Fausto Avila Mayor helped free Socorro Cariño, who was arrested by the Kempeitai on March 17, 1943.

Number of votes Perdices vs Teves

Perdices emerged as the winner by a slim margin of 78 votes – receiving 1,393 votes, while Teves got 1,315. The rest of the results for the other positions were as follows4 (Minutes of Dumaguete City Council Meeting, 1940):

Silliman President who opposed the burning of the town

Arthur Carson (opposed the burning of town)

Perdices was to be executed on ________________- if ever he was captured

To be excuted at April 29th (Emperor Hirohito's birthday) (if ever he was captured)

Perdices hid where when the Japanese looked for him

According to his son, Luis, his father was just hiding in an “air raid” shelter that was located on the ground floor of their house at San Jose Street

Dominado helped who to escape

Major Juan Dominado whose life was in danger after the Japanese learned that he [Dominado] helped plan the escape of USAFFE officer Lt. Vail and his wife

Perdices hid Dominado's wife in

Perdices helped Dominado's wife by hiding her “in the closet of another house which belonged to her relatives

Which airport did the Japanese keep their warplanes

Sibulan airport

Japanese headquarters

Park Hotel

Old Guard, he was a veteran

Pedro Teves

Why were the Americans able to bomb the Japanese force

A blueprint of the Dumaguete Blueprint was sent to Americans that's why the americans were able to bomb

People involved in the blueprint

Maj. Juan Dominado - geurilla in the hinterlands Engr. Eduardo J. Blanco - District Engr of Negros Oriental Engr. Jovenal Somoza - Asst. Engr Lorenzo Cimafranca - Collaborated with the Geurilla (was also called Enzo in the 2nd article) Mayor Mariano Perdices

Why did Perdices not exercise power during the Japanese occupation

The japanese has a final say in everything so the mayor was not authoritative

Where was the 5 individuals brought and tortured

They were brought to Davao Cottage in Silliman University, Perdices was released.

Japanese hold their last stronghold in ______________

Valencia (The Japanese Shrine)

Those who were killed because of blueprint was disposed by

They were put inside a sack and thrown in the sea (Not release and probably tortured in Silliman University)

Henrik Dethlefsen's definition of collaboration:

"to exercise power under the pressure produced by an occupying power",

Author of Political Collaboration during the Japanese Occupation of Dumaguete: The Case of Mariano Perdices, Wartime Mayor (1942-1945)

Justin Bulado

In his book, Collaboration: Japanese Agents and Local Elites in Wartime China, Timothy Brook (2005: 1-2) stated that collaboration is putatively defined as the _______

“word which denigrates political cooperation with an occupying force.”

Brook inferred that “those who collaborate must ___________ to be said to have collaborated.”

exercise power

Among the local works on collaboration in the Philippines, _____________ is one of the seminal sources on the issue of collaboration during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines from 1942 to 1945.

Philippine Collaboration in World War II; written by Prof. David Steinberg (1967: vii) of the University of Michigan,

Aside from narrating what the collaborators did, Steinberg (1967) also included the ramifications of their actions, which he recounted in chapter seven, called ________. In the said chapter, Steinberg narrated the challenges of finding impartial judges

The Trials.

Another source about Philippine Collaboration is Augusto De Viana’s Master’s Thesis at the University of Santo Tomas entitled ___________________ in the Philippines.

The Collaboration Issue during World War II

In his work, De Viana (1995) discussed that Filipino collaboration with the Japanese took different forms – _______________ He further inferred that the Filipino political leaders were clearly unprepared for Japanese occupation.

political, economic, cultural, and military.

since Quezon did not leave any clear instructions before he left for Australia, the Filipino leaders were faced with the conundrum of choosing sides - whether they stand by the Americans and the already established Philippine Commonwealth Government, or shift sides and choose the Japanese forces, or even perhaps choose the Filipinos. De Viana concluded that

“the collaboration issue was caused by a conflict of the orientation of three allegiances”

The thesis of De Viana (1995) is indeed useful for this present study since it provides an answer as to why many, if not all, of the surviving Filipino political collaborators, believed that their actions can be justified as ________

acts of patriotism

In relation to the complex issue of determining the motives for collaboration, Renato Constantino delineated and categorized the reasons why most of the Filipino elites collaborated with the Japanese. (What are these 5?)

1. Firstly, based on the experiences of General Artemio Ricarte and Leon Villafuerte who both fought during the Philippine Revolution, (prev struggle against Americans) 2. Secondly, some of the collaborators were driven by political ambition, as was the case with Jorge Vargas and most of the elite oligarchy. 3. Thirdly, there were those who collaborated because of Quezon’s instructions, which was for those who would be left to protect the people by all means and “perform neutral functions pertaining to municipal administration and the administration of justice” (Pro-Americans) 4. Fourthly, and on the contrary, some collaborators inexorably worked with the Japanese because they felt that “they had been abandoned by the Americans” 5. Lastly, according to Constantino, fear seems to have been a cogent reason to a plethora of collaborators during the Japanese occupation

____________ detailed in the Intelligence section under Lt.Dominado and was immediately assigned to the occupied area in Dumaguete City. His task was to gather information regarding Japanese Troop movements to secure medical and office supplies

Ensong

One by one those arrested were released,except the four,___________________while Ensong was in Palinpinon in Valencia Town but the Japanese was looking for him in their house near downtown area.

Blanco,Somoza,Chi, and Portuguese by the name of Silva

The surrender took only around thirty minutes._____ and ______ were the only Filipino witness and photographer the said historical event and the end of the Occupation.

Lt Juan Dominado and Lorenzo

When Mariano perdices was born. He is the second eldest among 6 children, and is the only son. His parents are Agustin and Maria Bernad

Dec 3, 1907

Perdices went to_________until 5th grade, continued his studies at ____________, and took Bachelor of Science in Business Administration at UP Junior College. He graduated on _____

St Paul College San Carlos College 1938

on ________ he married Julia Miciano. They had 7 children, 1 being the only daughter.

December 11, 1932

Who was Perdices' secretary during his last years as governor

His eldest, Eduardo Judas, also called Bolone, was his secretary during his last years as a governor.

Who followed perdices' footsteps

His second eldest, Ramon, also called Tuting, followed his footsteps

On ____________ Eduardo Miciano, his father in law, died. They needed a replacement municipal counselor.

April 21, 1932 -

4 "nominees" for replacement of Miciano were _____

Pastor, Imbo, Fortich, and Perdices

On May 13, 1932 Perdices was chosen as the new________ under Resolution 52. He was called the _____________

municipal counselor; municipal president

Perdices officially started his first session in the council on

May 14, 1932

Perdices served during 19__-19___, and 19__-19___. During the gap, he was believed to have continued his studies in UP Manila.

1932-34 and 1939-1941

On _________ Dumaguete Mayoralty Election: Perdices, after around 6 years of service, believed he was ready for a higher position. He skipped Vice Mayor.

1940

significant event on 1894-1895 and 1931-1945

Sino-Japanese Wars

By and large, however, all these preparations did not necessarily typify the sort of general feeling among the Dumagueteños. For instance, on ___________Perdices and the members of the municipal council, still called for a parade to celebrate Jose Rizal’s 80th birthday.

June 19, 1941,

Day after pearl harbor bombing, the Japanese started their occupation in the Philippines (Date)

December 8 1941

On ___________ Perdices was released, while the other 4 were executed. They were put in sacks and thrown off the wharf of Dumaguete.

October 12 1944

On April ____, 1945 The dawn the Americans arrived. Perdices was hiding in an air raid shelter in San Jose street. The Americans saved him from execution during Emperor Hirohito's birthday, April 29, 1945