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Psychology 5: Criminal > practical > Flashcards

practical Flashcards

1
Q

state the aim of the practical

A
  • investigate whether there are differences in the number of ppts who respond correctly to a leading or non leading question about identification in EWT
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2
Q

state the operationalised IV

A

response to the critical question, whether this was a leading or non leading question
- what hand was the magnifying glass in?
- what was the policeman holding?

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3
Q

state the operationalised DV

A

number of correct answers for a leading or non leading question about identification

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4
Q

why is a 1 tailed hypothesis used?

A

past research has shown that there will be a significant difference

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5
Q

state the alternative hypothesis

A

there will be more incorrect responses to the critical question when a leading question is used about identification, compared to when a non leading question is used

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6
Q

state the null hypothesis

A

there will be no significant difference between the number of correct responses to a leading or non leading question about identification. any difference will be due to chance

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7
Q

describe the method

A

laboratory experiment
- classroom: controlled and artificial

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8
Q

describe the sample

A
  • opportunity
  • 17-18 year old psych students from King Eds
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9
Q

describe the design

A
  • independent measures
  • quick and efficient
  • no demand characteristics
  • however, individual differences affect this
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10
Q

describe the apparatus used

A
  • 2 min whodunnit clip
  • prevents loss of concentration and distractions
  • large screen
  • pen and paper
  • 5 questions designed after watching the video
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11
Q

summarise the procedure

A
  1. gain informed consent from ppts by explaining aims,right to withdraw, confidentiality
  2. watch 2 min EWT video in silence
  3. recall everything from clip in 5 mins
  4. group A given leading q, B given non leading q - 2 mins to answer
  5. 10 min psychology qs interference task
  6. all given the non leading q
  7. given full debrief
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12
Q

state and explain 3 controls

A
  1. all ppts answered 5 qs
    - same position of leading qs
  2. all ppts viewed a video clip
    - full focus, no distraction, not in peripheral view
  3. tested in a classroom
    - controlled and quiet, ppts had not seen the video before
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13
Q

describe the ethics

A
  • not a distressing clip
  • protected from harm
  • however, makes it less realistic
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14
Q

state the percentage of correct answers in the leading question condition

A

37.5%

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15
Q

state the percentage of correct answers in the non leading question condition

A

50%

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16
Q

what stats test was used?

A

chi squared

17
Q

why was the chosen stats test used?

A
  • test for difference
  • independent measures
  • nominal data
18
Q

what was the observed value compared to the critical value?

A
  • 0.32
  • 2.71
  • so not significant
19
Q

describe the conclusion

A
  • not significant results
  • null hypothesis accepted
  • did not support most previous research but does support Yuille and Cutshall
20
Q

describe the generalisability

A
  • high as memory is universal
  • low as psychology students may have previous knowledge and could be a motivated sample
  • low as 17-18year old students are used to revising so may have better recall
21
Q

describe the reliability

A
  • high due to standardised procedures which allows replication
  • high as supported by Yuille and Cutshall
22
Q

describe the application

A
  • low as suggests leading qs does not affect recall which could lead to wrong convictions
23
Q

describe the validity

A
  • low as small sample size
  • low ecological validity as carried out in a classroom
  • high as control over EVs so there are no distractions, able to establish cause and effect
  • low as psychology students so risks demand characteristics
  • low task validity
  • high as independent measures prevent order effects
  • high as objective (percentages not affected by bias)
24
Q

improvements for future research

A
  • use matched pairs to avoid effects of ppt variables and increases internal validity
  • widen sample to non psych students to obtain more representative findings

Psychology 5: Criminal (22 decks)

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