Practical

Question 1

Aim

Answer 1

Does STM encode acoustically?
>Relates to theory of mem encoding
> Basically baddeleys study

Question 2

Experimental hypothesis

Answer 2

One tailed- Ppts will remeber more acoustically dissimilar words compared to similar words when recalling a 10 words from a list.

Question 3

IV and DV?

Answer 3

IV
>Whether words are AS acous similar or AD acous dissimilar
DV
> The amount of words recalled from lists of 10 words per ppt

Question 4

Design?

Answer 4

• Field exp, natural envir of college
• Repeated measures
  > 2 conditions that require the same task so this measure is appropriate to prevent order effects

Question 5

Conditions?

Answer 5

EXP- Acoustically similar
Control- Acoustically dissimilar

Question 6

Sample?

Answer 6

• Opportunistic, students from college
  >Took place during lesson time (1 hr 10 mins)
• Aged 16-19
  -Male & fem

Question 7

Apparatus?

Answer 7

Badeeley (1966b) 10 monosyllabic word list from AS and AD conditions

Question 8

Procedure?

Answer 8

1. Ppts read 10 word list (either AS or DS) for 30 secs
2. Wrote what they recalled(maximum) for 20 secs
3. 1 min break
4. Then repeated for other condition (AS or DS)

Question 9

Results?

Answer 9

-Mann Whitney U
> Observed value=55
>Critical value=96
96>55, we accept the one tailed hypothesis and reject the null hypothesis

Question 10

Conclusion?

Answer 10

Ppts recalled less acoustically similar words, suggesting that the STM doesnt pay attention to semantics therefore the STM encodes acoustically

Question 11

GRAVE-Generalisability

Answer 11

P-Low
E-Study was an opportunistic sample, consisting of male and female students from college aged 16-19.
E-W, study only generalises to student populations between 16-19 for this geographical area of specific college, findings for STM encoding may not be generalisable to wider populations like wider goegraphical pops and larger age brackets so low pop V

Question 12

GRAVE-Reliability

Answer 12

P-High
E-Standardised procedures-such as ppts reading the word list for 30 secs then writing what they could recall for 20 secs and a 1 min break before repeating w 2nd condition also multiple researchers present.
E-S, high inter-rater and test-retest R, the test can be repeated to test for consistency for STM encoding and mult researchers means results of STM encoding being acoustic was reliable due to mult researchers agreeing.

Question 13

GRAVE-Application

Answer 13

P-Yes
E-Study tested ppts recall of a list of 10 words in AS and SD conditions, tested STM encoding and digit spans of English speaking students aged 16-19
E-S, can be applied to help students revise and recall words better in terms of acoustic and semantic similarities

Question 14

GRAVE-Validity

Answer 14

P-High eco V
E-Study was a field exp, took place in student ppt samples natural envir of college
E-S, ppts likely to act naturally so decr demand characteristics
C/A- lack of control over EVs eg sounds/distractions in background, less validity for findings

P-Low mundane realism
E-Task= artifical, recalling 10 words max from a 10 monosyllabic word list is not natural
E-W, incr demand characteristics, less valid findings for STM encoding

Question 15

GRAVE-Ethics

Answer 15

P-High
E-Ppts remained anonymous- only identified by gender
E-S, protection from harm so findings can be used for future research into STM encoding

P-High
E-Signed consent form and were informed on nature of exp (informed consent), also carried out debrief where ppts had no experienced psychological distress/harm
E-S, protection from harm, means study can be replicated and findings can be used for further research into STM encoding