Practical 16 Flashcards
(11 cards)
What are the main steps in producing a pure organic solid?
- Synthesis of the compound (usually via reflux, distillation, etc.)
- Purification (recrystallisation)
How do you use laboratory equipment to heat under reflux?
Use a round-bottom flask, a condenser, and a heat source to maintain boiling without loss of reactants.
Why is heating under reflux used?
It prevents volatile reactants/products from escaping.
What does a diagram of Quickfit apparatus set up for heating under reflux look like?
A Quickfit apparatus consists of a round-bottom flask connected to a condenser with a heat source below.
Why are anti-bumping granules used when heating under reflux?
They prevent excessive bubbling caused by vapor in the hot liquid.
How do you purify a solid product?
By recrystallisation.
What compounds are heated under reflux together in the first step to create a product?
2-hydroxybenzoic acid and ethanoic anhydride with a few drops of sulfuric acid.
How do you use laboratory equipment to filter under reduced pressure?
Use vacuum filtration.
How do you determine the melting point of a substance?
By heating the substance and observing the temperature at which it melts.
How do you calculate the percentage yield of a product?
Percentage yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) x 100.
What does a diagram of
filtration under reduced
pressure look like?
