Practical 2 Flashcards
(13 cards)
What are the six basic emotions identified by Ekman (1972)?
Anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise.
What is a negative emotional bias?
A tendency to be more sensitive to negative emotional stimuli and less sensitive to positive stimuli, often seen in depression.
How long is each face shown in the emotion recognition task?
2 seconds.
What gender differences are commonly observed in emotional processing?
Women tend to read emotions faster/more accurately, express emotions more clearly, and engage in more effective emotion regulation.
What does the Stroop task measure?
Selective attention and response conflict caused by competing cognitive processes.
What causes interference in the Stroop task?
Conflict between the automatic process of reading and the task of naming ink colour.
What is the emotional Stroop effect?
Slower reaction times to colour-naming emotional words, indicating attention to emotional content.
Why might depressed patients be slower in the emotional Stroop task?
Because negative words capture more of their attention, showing an indirect negative bias.
What kind of words increase interference in emotional Stroop tasks for anxious individuals?
Threat-related words.
What is a lexical decision task?
A task where participants decide whether a letter string is a real word or not.
How does word frequency affect word recognition?
High-frequency words are recognized faster and more accurately than low-frequency words.
What is the purpose of semantic categorisation tasks?
To assess understanding of word meaning by classifying words into categories (e.g., person vs. thing).
Why do researchers measure reaction times in reading experiments?
To infer how efficiently cognitive processes like word identification and semantic access occur.
