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Physiology and Anatomy Practical > Practical > Flashcards

Practical Flashcards

1
Q

Antibody

A

Protein molecule produced by lymphocytes that can specifically bind to antigens

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2
Q

Antigen

A

A large molecule or a smaller part of it that induces immunoligical responses in the target organism

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3
Q

Agglutination

A

The clumping together in suspension of antigen - bearing cells in the presence of specific antibodies

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4
Q

Anti-D

A

Antibody against D antigens (this goes for the Rh-blood group

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5
Q

ABO Blood System

A

System for classifying human blood on the basis of the presence or absence of two antigens on the red cell membrane - we have four blood types: A, B, AB and O

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6
Q

ECG

A

Electrocardiograph - device to record the electrical activity to the heart

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7
Q

Systole

A

The contraction of the heart (happens when depolarization reaches the contractile cardiac muscle cells

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8
Q

Systolic Pressure

A

Blood pressure within the arteries when the heart muscle is contracting

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9
Q

Diastole

A

When the heart is in a state of relaxation and dilation (expansion) - the ventricles fill with blood in this time-period

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10
Q

Diastolic Pressure

A

The minimum arterial pressure when the ventricles of the heart relax (cells relax)

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11
Q

Arterial Mean Pressure

A

MAP - a term used in medicine to describe an average blood pressure in the arteries of an individual

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12
Q

Pulse Pressure

A

The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure readings

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13
Q

Respiratory Sinus Arrhytmia

A

Heart rate variability in synchrony with the respiration

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14
Q

Bainbridge Reflex

A

An increase in heart rate due to an increase in central venous pressure

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15
Q

Barroceptor Reflex

A

A homeostatic mechanism which helps to maintain blood pressure at nearly constant level

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16
Q

Peripheric Resistence

A

Vascular resistance to the flow of blood in peripheral arterial vessels that is typically a function of the internal vessel diameter, vessel lenght and blood viscosity

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17
Q

Vital Cavity

A

The largest amount of air that can be expired after a maximal inspiratory effort (VC=IRV+TV+ERV)

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18
Q

Dynamic Respiratory Volume

A

Flowrate of expired and inspired air and reflect the state of the airways

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19
Q

Spirometer

A

Spiro = Breath, Meter = To measure - a device which measures lung volume and capacity together with the rate of air flow

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20
Q

FEV1

A

The major fraction of vital capacity that is exhaled in the first second of forced exhalation mannour

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21
Q

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

A

The air inspired with a maximal inspiratory effort in excercises of the tidal volume

22
Q

Motor Unit

A

A single somatic motor neuron + innervated fibers
Small motor unit size = Precise movement
Large motor unit size = Powerful movement

23
Q

Muscle Tone

A

State of tension in skelletal muscles which are maintained continiously, even when balanced

24
Q

Motor Unit Recruitment

A

Seqencial activation of motor units/motor neurons, that follows a size-principle, first motivation of smallest, and second the larger motor units

25
Q

Muscle Fatigue

A

A state of exhaustion or loss of strenght and/or muscle - a condition in which a muscle loses its ability to contract as a result of overactivity

26
Q

Dynanometer

A

An instrument of measuring the degree of muscular power

27
Q

Sensory Threshold (Absolute)

A

The lowest point at which response to a stimulus can be perceived

28
Q

Sensory Discrimination Threshold

A

The lowest point at which stimuli can be distinct

29
Q

Method Of Limits

A

A method which is used to determine the threshold of a subject, by either gradually increasing or decreasing the magnitude of the stimulus presented

30
Q

Decibel

A

A unit for expressing the relative intensity of a sound wave. 90/120 decibel is normal, and when it is over 120 decibel a person will feel pain

31
Q

Dioptre

A

A unit describing the amount of focusing power of a lens - Described in meters

32
Q

Perimeter

A

A medical instrument for measuring the limits of the field of vision

33
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

A learning process in which behavior is sensitive to, or controlled by its consequences

34
Q

Thorndike’s Law Of Effect

A

The consequence in behavior influences the later behaviors. Occurence of that reinforced behavioral elements will increase, occurence of punished behavioral elements will decrease

35
Q

Unconditioned Reflex

A

An instinctive, unlearned reaction to a specific stimulus

36
Q

Conditioned Reflex

A

A learned response where an unconditioned reflex becomes associated with a previously, unrelated unconditioned stimulus

37
Q

Irwin’s Activity Test

A

A rapid screening method for the investigation of drug effects on the CNS, carried out on adult (male) mice

38
Q

Motor Coordination

A

The harmonious functioning of body parts that involve movement, including gross motor movement, fine motor movement, and motor planning

39
Q

Body Tone

A

Term implies leanness in the body (low levels of body fat and shape, but not significal muscle size).

40
Q

Behavioural Effects

A

Change in behaviour as a result of a cause or agent. Actions and/or reactions in a person or animal in response to an external or internal stimuli

41
Q

Polygraphy

A

Records physical activities associated with arousal in the autonomic nervous system - often used as a lie detector

42
Q

Sympathetic Activation

A

Something that is activated unvoluntarily, ex. blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate and skin conductivity - you cannot consciously alter these effects

43
Q

Galvanic Skin Response (GSR)

A

A change in the electrical conductivity of the skin caused by an emotional reaction to a stimulus

44
Q

DRAW The Different Blood Types

A

Drawing

45
Q

DRAW the EKG-line (name the peaks)

A

Drawing

46
Q

DRAW Einthoven’s Triangle

A

Drawing

47
Q

DRAW and explain the Static Pulmonary Volumes

A

Drawing

48
Q

DRAW and explain the Dynamic Pulmonary Volumes

A

Drawing

49
Q

Draw a Single Twitch

A

Drawing

50
Q

Draw the Different Muscle Tensions

A

Drawing

51
Q

Blind Spot

A

A small area at the back of the eye that is not sensitive to light

Physiology and Anatomy Practical (1 decks)

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