Practical Flashcards
1
Q
Where do T-cells mature?
A
Thymus
2
Q
What are organized regions of the adaptive immune cells that allow for antigen specific immune responses?
A
Lymphoid follicles
3
Q
What are clusters of lymphoid follicles in the wall of the distal portion of the small intestine?
A
Peyer’s Patches
4
Q
What is the structure labeled A?
A
Capsule
5
Q
What is the structure labeled B?
A
Subcapsullar Sinus
6
Q
What is the structure labeled C?
A
Outer Cortex
7
Q
What is the structure labeled D?
A
Trabecular Sinus
8
Q
What is the structure labeled E?
A
Germinal Center
9
Q
What is the structure labeled F?
A
Trabecula
10
Q
What is the structure labeled G?
A
Inner cortex
11
Q
What is the structure labeled H?
A
Medullary Sinus
12
Q
What is the structure labeled I?
A
Medulla
13
Q
What is the left arrow pointing to?
A
Cortex
14
Q
What is the middle arrow pointing to?
A
Medulla
15
Q
What is the right arrow pointing to?
A
Hillum
16
Q
What is the top arrow pointing to, and what cells are there?
A
Germinal Center (dark zone)
Proliferating and hypermutating B cells (centroblasts)
17
Q
What is the middle arrow pointing to, and what cells are there?
A
Germinal Center (light)
Specified B cells (Centrocytes)
18
Q
What is the bottom arrow pointing to, and what cells are there?
A
Mantle
Naive B-cells
19
Q
What is this?
A
Hassall’s Corpuscle
20
Q
What is the top arrow pointing to?
A
White pulp - lymphoid follicle
21
Q
What is the bottom arrow pointing to?
A
Red pulp
22
Q
What stains dendritic cells?
A
Fascin
23
Q
What is positive selection?
A
Survival dependant on being able to bind to MHC molecule
24
Q
What is negative selection
A
Survival dependent on not recognizing self-antigen
25
What is the name of lymph nodes in the underarm area?
Axillary
26
What is the name of lymph nodes in the small intestinal connective tissue?
Mesenteric
27
What is the name of lymph nodes in the groin area?
Inguinal
28
What is the most superior tonsil?
Tubal
29
What is the second most superior tonsil?
Pharangeal
30
What are the visible tonsils at the back of the throat?
Palatine
31
What is the tonsil under the tongue?
Lingual
32
What stains dendritic cells?
Fascin
33
What is positive selection?
Survival dependant on being able to bind to MHC molecule
34
What is negative selection
Survival dependent on not recognizing self-antigen
35
What is the name of lymph nodes in the underarm area?
Axillary
36
What is the name of lymph nodes in the small intestinal connective tissue?
Mesenteric
37
What is the name of lymph nodes in the groin area?
Inguinal
38
What kind of tissue is in the respiratory system?
Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar Epithalial Tissue
39
What are the open spaces inside of the trachea and bronchi called?
Lumen
40
What are the sections of this lung structure?
41
What kinds of cells are these?
Club Cells
42
What is this?
Bronchiole
43
What is the volume labeled A, and what is that volume in mL?
Inspiratory Volume
3100 mL M
1900 mL F
44
What is the volume labeled B, and what is that volume in mL?
Tidal Volume
500 mL
45
What is the volume labeled C, and what is that volume in mL?
Expiratory Volume
1200 mL M
700 mL F
46
What is the volume labeled D, and what is that volume in mL?
Residual Volume
1200 mL M
1100 mL F
47
What is the capacity labeled E?
Inspiratory capacity
48
What is the capacity labeled F?
Functional Residual Capacity
49
What is the capacity labeled G?
Vital Capacity
50
What is the capacity labeled H?
Total Lung Capacity
51
What is the term for when exhalation is dampened?
Obstructive
52
What is the term for when inhalation is dampened?
Restrictive
53
Which diseases have dampened exhalation?
COPD
Chronic bronchitis
Obstructive emphysema
Asthma
54
Which diseases have dampened inhalation?
Scarring from pneumonia
Tuberculosis
Neurologic and muscular diseases
Structural abnormalities of the spine and chest wall deformities
55
What pressure should be lowest to prevent pneumothorax?
Intrapleural Pressure
56
What are the three sections of the small intestine, and how do you tell them apart?
–Duodenum: Brunner’s glands, crypts
–Jejunum: Long villi and crypts– no B. glands, no Peyer’s (even though they do exist there)
–Ileum: crypts and Peyers patch party
57
What are the layers of the digestive tract in order from deep to superficial?
Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa (esophagus), Advantitia (everywhere else)
58
How do you distinguish the esophagus from the trachea?
Trachea has C-ring cartilage
59
What are the main salivary glands?
Submandibular
Sublingual
Parotid
60
What is the center of a tooth composed of?
Dentin
61
What is a hexagonal liver cell called?
Lobule
62
What are the two vessels found in liver cells?
Portal Vein
Hepatic Artery
63
What cells secrete pancreatic juice?
Acini cells
64
What are the light-staining clusters in the pancreas?
Langerhaans
65
What makes up the portal tetrad?
Bile Duct
Lymphoid Drainage
Hepatic Portal Vein
Hepatic Artery
66
What are the sections of the stomach?
Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pyloric Atrium
Pylorus
67
What are the sections of the large intestine?
Appendix
Cecum
Ascending, Transverse, Descending
Sigmoid
68
What are the folds in the stomach called?
Rugae
69
What is the vessel labeled B?
Abdominal Aorta
70
What is the vessel labeled C?
Celiac Trunk
71
What is the vessel labeled D?
Common Hepatic
72
What is the vessel labeled E?
Right Renal
73
What is the vessel labeled F?
Right Deep Femoral
74
What is the vessel labeled G?
Thoracic Aorta
75
What is the vessel labeled H?
Diaphragm
76
What is the vessel labeled I?
Left gastric
77
What is the vessel labeled J?
Splenic
78
What is the vessel labeled K?
Left Renal
79
What is the vessel labeled L?
Superior Mesenteric
80
What is the vessel labeled M?
Left Gonadal
81
What is the vessel labeled N?
Inferior Mesenteric
82
What is the vessel labeled O?
Left common iliac
83
What is the vessel labeled P?
Left External Iliac
84
What is the vessel labeled Q?
Left Internal Iliac
85
What is the vessel labeled R?
Left Femoral
86
What is the vessel labeled S?
Left Deep Femoral
87
What is the vessel labeled T?
Left popliteal
88
What is the vessel labeled U?
Left Anterior Tibial
89
What is the vessel labeled V?
Left posterior Tibial
90
What is the vessel labeled W?
Left Fibular
91
What is the vessel labeled 1?
Abdominal Aorta
92
What is the vessel labeled 2?
Left Gastric
93
What is the vessel labeled 3?
Splenic
94
What is the vessel labeled 4?
Common Hepatic
95
What is the vessel labeled 5?
Hepatic Artery Proper
96
What is the vessel labeled 6?
Gastroduodenal
97
What is the vessel labeled 7?
Right Gastroepoploic
98
What is the vessel labeled 8?
Left Renal
99
What is the vessel labeled 9?
Right Renal
100
What is the vessel labeled 10?
Superior Mesenteric
101
What is the vessel labeled 11?
Jujunal
102
What is the vessel labeled 12?
Middle Colic
103
What is the vessel labeled 13?
Right Colic
104
What is the vessel labeled 14?
Iliocolic
105
What is the vessel labeled 15?
Inferior Mesenteric
106
What is the vessel labeled 16?
Left Colic
107
What is the vessel labeled 17?
Sigmoid
108
What is the vessel labeled 18?
Superior Rectal
109
What is the vessel labeled 19?
Left Iliac
110
What is the vessel labeled 20?
Right Iliac
111
What is the vessel labeled 21?
Right External Iliac
112
What is the vessel labeled 22?
Left External Iliac
113
What is the vessel labeled 23?
Right Internal Iliac
114
What is the vessel labeled 24?
Left Internal Iliac
115
What is the vessel labeled 25?
Left and Right Superior Gluteal
116
What is the vessel labeled 26?
Left Obturator
117
What is the vessel labeled 27?
Left Gonadal
118
What is the vessel labeled 28?
Right Gonadal
119
What is the anterior vessel labeled 1?
Femoral
120
What is the anterior vessel labeled 2?
Deep Femoral
121
What is the anterior vessel labeled 3?
Lateral Circumflex
122
What is the anterior vessel labeled 4?
Medial Circumflex
123
What is the anterior vessel labeled 5?
Great Saphenous Vein
124
What is the anterior vessel labeled 6?
Anterior Tibial
125
What is the anterior vessel labeled 7?
Dorsalis Pedis
126
What is the posterior vessel labeled 1?
Femoral
127
What is the posterior vessel labeled 2?
Popliteal
128
What is the posterior vessel labeled 3?
Anterior Tibial
129
What is the posterior vessel labeled 4?
Posterior Tibial
130
What is the posterior vessel labeled 5?
Lesser Saphenous Vein
131
What is the posterior vessel labeled 6?
Fibular Artery
132
What are the roles of the urinary system?
Filtration, Reabsorption and Secretion
Gluconeogenesis
Hormone production
Vitamin D metabolism
133
What are the glands that sit atop the kidneys?
Adrenal Glands
134
What are the tubes leading out of the kidneys to the bladder?
Ureters
135
How much blood do the kidneys filter?
200L / day
136
What are the main branches of arteries leading to the kidneys?
Renal
Segmental
Interlobar
137
What are the main branches of veins leading away from the kidneys?
Arcuate
Interlobar
Renal
138
What are the two types of nephron?
Cortical
Juxtamedullary
139
What is the structure labeled A?
Cortex
140
What is the structure labeled B?
Medulla
141
What is the structure labeled C?
Renal Column
142
What is the structure labeled D?
Minor Calyses
143
What is the structure labeled E?
Renal Papillae
144
What is the structure labeled F?
Renal Pyramids
145
What is the structure labeled G?
Major Calyces
146
What is the structure labeled H?
Renal Pelvis
147
What is the structure labeled I?
Ureter
148
What is the structure labeled A?
Distal Convoluted Tubule
149
What is the structure labeled B?
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
150
What is the structure labeled C?
Renal Corpuscles
151
What is the structure labeled D?
Collecting Duct
152
What is the structure labeled E?
Cortex
153
What is the structure labeled F?
Descending Limb of Loop of Henle
154
What is the structure labeled G?
Ascending Limb of Loop of Henle
155
What is the structure labeled H?
Outer Medulla
156
What is the structure labeled I?
Inner Medulla
157
What is the structure labeled J?
Papillary Duct
158
What are the roles of the urinary system?
Filtration, Reabsorption and Secretion
Gluconeogenesis
Hormone production
Vitamin D metabolism
159
What are the glands that sit atop the kidneys?
Adrenal Glands
160
What are the tubes leading out of the kidneys to the bladder?
Ureters
161
How much blood do the kidneys filter?
200L / day
162
Is this the cortex or the medulla?
Cortex: Corpuscles
163
Is this the cortex or the medulla?
Medulla
164
Is this the cortex or the medulla?
Medulla
165
Where are we? How can you tell?
Collecting Duct
Intercalated Cells
166
What is in the box?
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
167
Where are the PCTs?
Fuzzy, pink insides
168
What are the main branches of arteries leading to the kidneys?
Renal
Segmental
Interlobar
169
What are the main branches of veins leading away from the kidneys?
Arcuate
Interlobar
Renal
170
What are the two types of nephron?
Cortical
Juxtamedullary
171
What is the structure labeled A?
Cortex
172
What is the structure labeled B?
Medulla
173
What is the structure labeled C?
Renal Column
174
What is the structure labeled D?
Minor Calyses
175
What is the structure labeled E?
Renal Papillae
176
What is the structure labeled F?
Renal Pyramids
177
What is the structure labeled G?
Major Calyces
178
What is the structure labeled H?
Renal Pelvis
179
What is the structure labeled I?
Ureter
180
What is the structure labeled A?
Distal Convoluted Tubule
181
What is the structure labeled I?
Inner Medulla
182
What is the structure labeled J?
Papillary Duct
183
What is the structure labeled H?
Outer Medulla
184
What amount of protein should urine contain?
None
185
What are visible on the glomerulus (cell structures)?
Podocytes
Foot Processes
Filtration Slits
186
What is the opposite of clear urine?
Turbid
187
How do different foods affect the pH of urine?
Meat and Eggs are more acidic
Fruits and Vegetables are more alkaline
188
What is the structure labeled G?
Ascending Limb of Loop of Henle
189
Is this the cortex or the medulla?
Medulla
190
Where are the PCTs?
Fuzzy, pink insides
191
What is in the box?
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus
192
Where are we? How can you tell?
Collecting Duct
Intercalated Cells
193
Is this the cortex or the medulla?
Medulla
194
Is this the cortex or the medulla?
Cortex: Corpuscles
195
What is the structure labeled F?
Descending Limb of Loop of Henle
196
What tissues make up the male and female urethra?
Proximal Male and Female: Pseudostratified Columnar
Distal Male and female: Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelial
197
What is the structure labeled E?
Cortex
198
What is the structure labeled D?
Collecting Duct
199
What is the structure labeled C?
Renal Corpuscles
200
What is the structure labeled B?
Proximal Convoluted Tubule
201
How do different foods affect the pH of urine?
Meat and Eggs are more acidic
Fruits and Vegetables are more alkaline
202
What amount of protein should urine contain?
None
203
What are visible on the glomerulus (cell structures)?
Podocytes
Foot Processes
Filtration Slits
204
What is the opposite of clear urine?
Turbid
205
What tissues make up the male and female urethra?
Proximal Male and Female: Pseudostratified Columnar
Distal Male and female: Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelial
206
What are the structures in the spermatic cord?
Pampiniform Plexus
Vas Deferens
Cremaster Muscle
Testicular Artery
Lymphatic tissue
207
What are the main components of semen?
Citric Acid
Prostaglandin
Amino Acids
208
What are the layers of the testes, from deep to superficial?
Tunica Albuginia
Tunica Vaginalis (cremaster muscle)
Internal Spermatic Fascia
External Spermatic Fascia
Dartos Muscle
Epidermis/Cutaneous
209
What are the two main bodies in a cross section of the penis?
Corpus Cavernosum
210
What is the blood vessel running along the top of the penis?
Dorsal Vein
211
What are the fingerlike protrusions on the ovaries?
Fimbriae
212
What are the green arrows pointing to?
Spermatogonium
213
What are the yellow arrows pointing to?
Sertoli Cells
214
What are the red arrows pointing to?
Primary Spermatocytes
215
What are the blue arrows pointing to?
Secondary Spermatocytes
216
What are the teal arrows pointing to?
Spermatids
217
Where is this tissue located?
Epididymus
218
What stage is the follicle in? What about the oocyte?
Primordial Follicle
Primary Oocyte
219
What stage is the follicle in? What about the oocyte?
Primary follicle
Primary oocyte
220
What stage is the follicle in? What about the oocyte?
Secondary follicle
Primary oocyte
221
What stage is the follicle in? What about the oocyte?
Mature follicle
Secondary oocyte
222
Where in this tissue located?
Fallopian Tube
223
What is the 'head' of the penis called? What about the 'crown'?
Glans penis
Corona
224
What are the two types of tissues in the penis?
Corpora Cavernosa
Corpora Spongiosum
225
What is the division between the testes?
Scrotal Septum
