practical

Question 1

A typical cell, cytoplasm and nucleus

Answer 1

eg. onion scale W.M
- spherical, oval, polygonal, rectangular
- bounded by a distinct wall
- protoplasm: nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 2

A typical cell, anthocyanin and stoma

Answer 2

eg. Rhoeo leaf, lower surface W.M
- dissolve within the cell wall of epidermal cell
- blue, violet, red, pink petals
- protect from strong sunlight and attract insects for pollination

Question 3

Plastids, chloroplast

Answer 3

eg. Elodea, W.M
- green plastids
- spherical, oval
- chlorophyll present
- absorb light energy from sunlight and start photosynthesis
- occur in all green parts of a plant

Question 4

Plastids, chromoplast

Answer 4

eg. Ripe Tomato, W.M
- yellow, orange, red pigments
- spherical or rod
- occurs in petals of flower and fruits
- attract insects for cross pollination

Question 5

Plastids, leucoplast

Answer 5

eg. Potato W.M
- colorless
- occur in storage cells of root and underground stem
- starch grains function is storage organs

Question 6

Diffusion of solid into liquid

Answer 6

Diffusion is the net movement of particles from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration driven by a concentration gradient.

Question 7

Osmosis: Endosmosis

Answer 7

The diffusion of water from high concentration across a differentially permeable membrane to a lower concentration is called osmosis.

Question 8

Osmosis: Exosmosis

Answer 8

The diffusion of water from high concentration across a differentially permeable membrane to lower concentration is called osmosis.

Question 9

Plasmolysis eg. Rhoeo leaf

Answer 9

If a plant cell is surrounded by a solution that is more concentrated than the cell sap, water will osmose out of the cell. This causes the vacuole to shrink and pull the cytoplasm away from the cell wall and the cell becomes flaccid. This condition is known as plasmolysis.

Question 10

Photosynthesis: Chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis. eg. Coleus leaf

Answer 10

Photosynthesis is the process in which green plants use the energy from sunlight to convert low energy reactants (CO2 and H20) to high energy products (Glucose and oxygen).

6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 11

Photosynthesis: CO2 is released during anaerobic respiration or fermentation

Answer 11

In the absence of O2, many plant tissue temporarily take to a kind of respiration called anerobic respiration. This is an incomplete oxidation of stored food and formation of CO2, ethyl alcohol and very little energy

Question 12

Heat energy is released during anaerobic respiration

Answer 12

During anerobic respiration, O2 is used in respiration, resulting in the oxidation of stored food, such as carbohydrate and formation of CO2 and water as by products.

C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy