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practical endocrinology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Who is the editor of this publication?

A

Peter Igaz

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2
Q

Where is the 2nd Department of Internal Medicine located?

A

Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary

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3
Q

What is the ISBN of this publication?

A

978-3-030-62010-3

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4
Q

Which organization is the publisher of this book?

A

Springer Nature Switzerland AG

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5
Q

Which organization is the publisher of this book?

A

Springer Nature Switzerland AG

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6
Q

Which organization is the publisher of this book?

A

Springer Nature Switzerland AG

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7
Q

What are the seven parts of the book?

A

Diseases of the Pituitary and the Hypothalamus, Diseases of the Thyroid, Diseases of the Parathyroid and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Diseases of the Adrenal, Diseases of the Gonads, Neuroendocrine Tumors and Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes, and Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes.

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8
Q

Describe Prolactinoma.

A

Prolactinoma is a disease of the pituitary gland characterized by the excessive production of the hormone prolactin, leading to symptoms such as irregular menstrual periods, infertility, and milk production in non-pregnant individuals.

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9
Q

Describe Prolactinoma.

A

Prolactinoma is a disease of the pituitary gland characterized by the excessive production of the hormone prolactin, leading to symptoms such as irregular menstrual periods, infertility, and milk production in non-pregnant individuals.

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10
Q

Describe Prolactinoma.

A

Prolactinoma is a disease of the pituitary gland characterized by the excessive production of the hormone prolactin, leading to symptoms such as irregular menstrual periods, infertility, and milk production in non-pregnant individuals.

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11
Q

What is Acromegaly?

A

Acromegaly is a disorder caused by the overproduction of growth hormone in adults, resulting in the enlargement of bones and tissues, particularly in the hands, feet, and face.

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12
Q

Define Cushing’s Disease.

A

Cushing’s Disease is a condition caused by the excessive production of cortisol hormone by the adrenal glands, leading to symptoms such as weight gain, high blood pressure, and thinning of the skin.

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13
Q

Describe Non-functioning Pituitary Adenoma.

A

Non-functioning Pituitary Adenoma refers to a type of pituitary tumor that does not produce excess hormones, often causing symptoms due to its size and compression of surrounding structures.

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14
Q

What is Craniopharyngioma?

A

Craniopharyngioma is a rare type of brain tumor that develops near the pituitary gland and can cause various symptoms depending on its size and location, including vision problems and hormonal imbalances.

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15
Q

Describe the difference between hypothyroidism and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

A

Hypothyroidism is a condition characterized by an underactive thyroid gland, resulting in low levels of thyroid hormones. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the thyroid gland, leading to hypothyroidism.

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16
Q

What is Graves’ disease and how does it relate to hyperthyroidism?

A

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes overactivity of the thyroid gland, resulting in hyperthyroidism. It is characterized by the production of autoantibodies that stimulate the thyroid gland to produce excessive amounts of thyroid hormones.

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17
Q

Define thyroid storm.

A

Thyroid storm is a life-threatening condition characterized by a sudden and severe exacerbation of symptoms in individuals with hyperthyroidism. It is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment to prevent organ failure and death.

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18
Q

Describe endocrine orbitopathy.

A

Endocrine orbitopathy, also known as Graves’ ophthalmopathy, is an autoimmune condition associated with Graves’ disease. It causes inflammation and swelling of the tissues around the eyes, leading to symptoms such as bulging eyes, double vision, and eye pain.

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19
Q

What are the common characteristics of differentiated thyroid cancer?

A

Differentiated thyroid cancer refers to a group of cancers that arise from the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. It is typically slow-growing and has a high cure rate. The common types include papillary and follicular thyroid cancer.

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20
Q

Describe hypoparathyroidism.

A

Hypoparathyroidism is a condition characterized by insufficient production of parathyroid hormone, leading to low levels of calcium in the blood and high levels of phosphate. Symptoms may include muscle cramps, tingling or numbness in the extremities, and seizures.

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21
Q

Describe hypoparathyroidism.

A

Hypoparathyroidism is a condition characterized by insufficient production of parathyroid hormone, leading to low levels of calcium in the blood and high levels of phosphate. Symptoms may include muscle cramps, tingling or numbness in the extremities, and seizures.

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22
Q

Describe hypoparathyroidism.

A

Hypoparathyroidism is a condition characterized by insufficient production of parathyroid hormone, leading to low levels of calcium in the blood and high levels of phosphate. Symptoms may include muscle cramps, tingling or numbness in the extremities, and seizures.

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23
Q

Define osteoporosis.

A

Osteoporosis is a progressive bone disease characterized by a decrease in bone density and quality, making the bones more fragile and prone to fractures. It is often associated with aging and hormonal changes, particularly in postmenopausal women.

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24
Q

What is adrenal incidentaloma?

A

Adrenal incidentaloma refers to the incidental discovery of a tumor in the adrenal gland during imaging tests performed for unrelated reasons. These tumors are usually non-functioning and benign, but further evaluation is necessary to rule out malignancy or hormone overproduction.

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25
Describe primary aldosteronism.
Primary aldosteronism, also known as Conn's syndrome, is a hormonal disorder characterized by the overproduction of aldosterone by the adrenal glands. This leads to excessive retention of sodium and loss of potassium, resulting in high blood pressure and electrolyte imbalances.
26
How does Addison's disease relate to autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2?
Addison's disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the destruction of the adrenal cortex, leading to insufficient production of cortisol and aldosterone. It is often associated with autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2, which involves the coexistence of multiple autoimmune endocrine disorders, such as hypothyroidism and type 1 diabetes.
27
Describe glucocorticoid resistance.
Glucocorticoid resistance refers to a condition where the body becomes less responsive to the effects of glucocorticoid hormones, leading to reduced effectiveness of these hormones in regulating various physiological processes.
28
What is pheochromocytoma?
Pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor that develops in the adrenal glands, causing them to produce excessive amounts of adrenaline and noradrenaline. This can result in symptoms such as high blood pressure, rapid heartbeat, and excessive sweating.
29
Define malignant paraganglioma.
Malignant paraganglioma is a type of tumor that arises from the paraganglia, which are clusters of cells found in various parts of the body. Unlike benign paragangliomas, malignant paragangliomas have the ability to spread to other parts of the body and can be life-threatening.
30
Describe polycystic ovary syndrome.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age. It is characterized by the presence of multiple cysts in the ovaries, irregular menstrual cycles, and symptoms such as excessive hair growth, acne, and weight gain.
31
What is Turner syndrome?
Turner syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects females, typically resulting in short stature and infertility. It is caused by the complete or partial absence of one of the X chromosomes, leading to various physical and developmental abnormalities.
32
Describe factitious hypoglycemia.
Factitious hypoglycemia is a condition characterized by intentionally low blood sugar levels caused by self-administered insulin or other medications.
33
What is gastrinoma?
Gastrinoma is a tumor that develops in the pancreas or duodenum and produces excessive amounts of gastrin, leading to increased stomach acid production.
34
Define humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy.
Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy is a condition in which cancer cells produce substances that increase calcium levels in the blood, leading to symptoms like fatigue, nausea, and bone pain.
35
Describe multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1.
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 is a genetic disorder characterized by the development of tumors in multiple endocrine glands, such as the parathyroid, pancreas, and pituitary gland.
36
Describe multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1.
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 is a genetic disorder characterized by the development of tumors in multiple endocrine glands, such as the parathyroid, pancreas, and pituitary gland.
37
What is Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome?
Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome is an inherited disorder that causes the growth of tumors in various parts of the body, including the brain, spinal cord, kidneys, and adrenal glands.
38
Describe the role of Frédérique Albarel, MD in the medical field.
Frédérique Albarel, MD is a medical professional affiliated with Aix-Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Marseille Medical Genetics (MMG) in Marseille, France.
39
What is the specialty of Arie Ariche, MD?
Arie Ariche, MD specializes in surgery and is associated with Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center in Jerusalem, Israel.
40
Define the field of study of Irina Bancos, MD.
Irina Bancos, MD is involved in the field of endocrinology, diabetes, metabolism, and nutrition. She works at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN, USA.
41
Describe the research interests of Miklós Bodor, MD, PhD.
Miklós Bodor, MD, PhD is interested in clinical pharmacology and endocrinology. He is affiliated with the University of Debrecen in Debrecen, Hungary.
42
Describe the research interests of Miklós Bodor, MD, PhD.
Miklós Bodor, MD, PhD is interested in clinical pharmacology and endocrinology. He is affiliated with the University of Debrecen in Debrecen, Hungary.
43
What is the role of Jean-Francois Bonneville, MD, PhD?
Jean-Francois Bonneville, MD, PhD is a visiting professor at CHU de Liège in Fontain, France.
44
Describe the work of Irene Campi, MD, PhD.
Irene Campi, MD, PhD is involved in the study of endocrine and metabolic diseases. She works at San Luca Hospital in Milan, Italy.
45
What is the affiliation of Letizia Canu, MD, PhD?
Letizia Canu, MD, PhD is affiliated with the University of Florence in Florence, Italy.
46
Describe the role of Evangelia Charmandari, MD, MSc, PhD, MRCP(UK), CCT(UK).
Evangelia Charmandari, MD, MSc, PhD, MRCP(UK), CCT(UK) is involved in the field of endocrinology, metabolism, and diabetes. She works at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School and the Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens in Athens, Greece.
47
Describe the role of Abel Decmann, MD, PhD in the medical field.
Abel Decmann, MD, PhD is associated with the 2nd Department of Internal Medicine at Semmelweis University in Budapest, Hungary.
48
What is the specialization of Prerna Dogra, MBBS?
Prerna Dogra, MBBS specializes in Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN, USA.
49
Define the Expert Center of Rare Endocrine Diseases in Sofia, Bulgaria.
The Expert Center of Rare Endocrine Diseases in Sofia, Bulgaria is a specialized center that focuses on rare endocrine diseases.
50
Describe the role of Carmen E. Georgescu, MD, PhD, Dr habil in the medical field.
Carmen E. Georgescu, MD, PhD, Dr habil is associated with the Department of Endocrinology at Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
51
What is the specialization of Simona Grozinsky-Glasberg, MD?
Simona Grozinsky-Glasberg, MD specializes in Neuroendocrine Tumors and is associated with the Neuroendocrine Tumor Unit at Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center in Jerusalem, Israel.
52
What is the affiliation of Peter Igaz?
Department of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
53
Describe the MTA-SE Molecular Medicine Research Group.
It is a research group affiliated with the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University in Budapest, Hungary.
54
Describe the MTA-SE Molecular Medicine Research Group.
It is a research group affiliated with the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University in Budapest, Hungary.
55
What is the affiliation of Réka Kollár?
2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
56
Define the Flor Ferenc Hospital.
It is the location of the 1st Department of Internal Medicine in Kistarcsa, Hungary.
57
Describe the affiliation of Ivica Lazúrová.
1st Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, P.J. Safárik University Koice, Koice, Slovakia
58
What is the ENETS Center of Excellence?
It is a center of excellence located in the 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
59
What is the affiliation of Judit Major?
2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Csolnoky Ferenc County Hospital, Veszprém, Hungary
60
Describe the Department of Gynecological Endocrinology at Poznan University of Medical Sciences.
It is a department within the Faculty of Medicine at Poznan University of Medical Sciences in Poznan, Poland.
61
What is the affiliation of Szilvia Mészáros?
Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
62
Describe the Szentagothai Research Centre.
It is a research center affiliated with the University of Pécs in Pécs, Hungary.
63
What is the affiliation of Dragana Miljic?
Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
64
Describe the role of Attila Molvarec in the field of Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Attila Molvarec is a contributor in the field of Obstetrics and Gynecology, affiliated with Semmelweis University in Budapest, Hungary.
65
Define the field of Endocrinology.
Endocrinology is the branch of medicine that deals with the study of hormones and their effects on the body.
66
What is the role of Nicolas C. Nicolaides in the field of Pediatrics?
Nicolas C. Nicolaides is a contributor in the field of Pediatrics, specifically in the Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes.
67
Describe the research focus of Kira Oleinikov.
Kira Oleinikov's research focus is on neuroendocrine tumors, and she is affiliated with the Neuroendocrine Tumor Unit at Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center in Jerusalem, Israel.
68
What is the role of Sandra Pekic in the field of Endocrinology?
Sandra Pekic is a contributor in the field of Endocrinology, affiliated with the Medical Faculty at the University of Belgrade in Serbia.
69
Do you know the affiliation of Luca Persani?
Luca Persani is affiliated with the Department of Medical Biotechnology & Translational Medicine at the University of Milan in Italy.
70
Describe the role of Károly Pócsai in the field of Internal Medicine.
Károly Pócsai is a contributor in the field of Internal Medicine, affiliated with Semmelweis University in Budapest, Hungary.
71
What is the research focus of Agnieszka Podfigurna?
Agnieszka Podfigurna's research focus is in the field of Gynecological Endocrinology, affiliated with Poznan University of Medical Sciences in Poland.
72
Define the field of Oncology.
Oncology is the branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer.
73
Describe the role of Soraya Puglisi, MD in the medical field.
Soraya Puglisi, MD is a part of the Division of Internal Medicine at San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Italy.
74
What is the specialization of Peter Reismann, MD, PhD?
Peter Reismann, MD, PhD specializes in the 2nd Department of Internal Medicine at Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
75
Define the field of study for Ewa Rudnicka, MD, PhD.
Ewa Rudnicka, MD, PhD is involved in the field of Gynecological Endocrinology at the Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
76
Describe the role of Jonas Rutishauser, MD in the medical field.
Jonas Rutishauser, MD is a part of the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism at University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.
77
What is the specialization of Beatrix Sármán, MD, PhD?
Beatrix Sármán, MD, PhD specializes in the 2nd Department of Internal Medicine at Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
78
Describe the role of Teresa Maria Seccia, MD, PhD in the medical field.
Teresa Maria Seccia, MD, PhD is a part of the Department of Internal Medicine at University of Padua, Padova, Italy.
79
What is the specialization of Anna Skalniak, PhD, MSc?
Anna Skalniak, PhD, MSc specializes in the field of Endocrinology at Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
80
Describe the role of Katarzyna Smolarczyk, MD, PhD in the medical field.
Katarzyna Smolarczyk, MD, PhD is involved in the field of Dermatology and Venerology at the Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.
81
Describe the role of the Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology at Semmelweis University in Budapest, Hungary.
The Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology at Semmelweis University in Budapest, Hungary plays a significant role in medical education and research in the field of internal medicine and oncology.
82
Describe the role of the Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology at Semmelweis University in Budapest, Hungary.
The Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology at Semmelweis University in Budapest, Hungary plays a significant role in medical education and research in the field of internal medicine and oncology.
83
What is the specialization of the Department of Gynecological Endocrinology at Poznan University of Medical Sciences in Poznan, Poland?
The Department of Gynecological Endocrinology at Poznan University of Medical Sciences in Poznan, Poland specializes in the study and treatment of hormonal disorders related to the female reproductive system.
84
Define the role of the Division of Internal Medicine at San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy.
The Division of Internal Medicine at San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Turin, Italy is responsible for providing medical care and treatment to patients with various internal medicine conditions.
85
Describe the expertise of the Department of Pediatrics at Semmelweis University in Budapest, Hungary.
The Department of Pediatrics at Semmelweis University in Budapest, Hungary specializes in the medical care and treatment of infants, children, and adolescents.
86
What is the focus of the Department of Internal Medicine at the Medical University of Graz in Graz, Austria?
The Department of Internal Medicine at the Medical University of Graz in Graz, Austria focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of endocrine and diabetological disorders.
87
Describe Peter Igaz's academic background.
Peter Igaz is a full professor of medicine and endocrinology at Semmelweis University in Budapest, Hungary. He has degrees in medicine, molecular biology, and law.
88
Describe Peter Igaz's academic background.
Peter Igaz is a full professor of medicine and endocrinology at Semmelweis University in Budapest, Hungary. He has degrees in medicine, molecular biology, and law.
89
What are Dr. Igaz's primary clinical interests?
Dr. Igaz's primary clinical interests are adrenal diseases, neuroendocrine tumors, and multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes.
90
What are Dr. Igaz's primary clinical interests?
Dr. Igaz's primary clinical interests are adrenal diseases, neuroendocrine tumors, and multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes.
91
What title was awarded to the 2nd Department of Internal Medicine under Dr. Igaz's leadership?
The 2nd Department of Internal Medicine was awarded the title of Center of Excellence by ENETS (European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society) in 2019.
92
What is the focus of Dr. Igaz's research?
Dr. Igaz's research mainly focuses on genomics, non-coding RNAs, and microRNAs in endocrine tumors, particularly adrenal tumors.
93
How many scientific papers has Dr. Igaz published?
Dr. Igaz has published over 150 scientific papers.
94
Describe the abbreviation 5-HIAA.
5-HIAA stands for 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid, which is a metabolite of serotonin and is used as a marker for certain neuroendocrine tumors.
95
Describe the abbreviation 5-HIAA.
5-HIAA stands for 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid, which is a metabolite of serotonin and is used as a marker for certain neuroendocrine tumors.
96
Describe the abbreviation 5-HIAA.
5-HIAA stands for 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid, which is a metabolite of serotonin and is used as a marker for certain neuroendocrine tumors.
97
What does the abbreviation 17-OH-progesterone or 17-OHP stand for?
17-OH-progesterone or 17-OHP stands for 17-hydroxyprogesterone, which is a hormone involved in the production of cortisol and aldosterone.
98
Define 21-OHD.
21-OHD stands for 21-hydroxylase deficiency, which is a genetic disorder that affects the production of cortisol and aldosterone.
99
Define 21-OHD.
21-OHD stands for 21-hydroxylase deficiency, which is a genetic disorder that affects the production of cortisol and aldosterone.
100
Define 21-OHD.
21-OHD stands for 21-hydroxylase deficiency, which is a genetic disorder that affects the production of cortisol and aldosterone.
101
What is the abbreviation ACEI used for?
ACEI stands for Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, which is a type of medication used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure.
102
Describe the hormone ACTH.
ACTH stands for Adrenocorticotropic hormone or adrenocorticotropin, which is produced by the pituitary gland and stimulates the production of cortisol in the adrenal glands.
103
What does the abbreviation AMH stand for?
AMH stands for Anti-Müllerian hormone, which is a hormone produced by the ovaries and is used as a marker for ovarian reserve.
104
Define the abbreviation APA.
APA stands for Aldosterone producing adenoma, which is a benign tumor of the adrenal gland that causes excessive production of aldosterone.
105
What is the abbreviation AVS used for?
AVS stands for Adrenal venous sampling, which is a procedure used to determine the source of excess hormone production in the adrenal glands.
106
Describe Cushing's syndrome.
Cushing's syndrome is a condition characterized by excessive levels of cortisol in the body, which can result from various causes such as long-term use of corticosteroid medications or a tumor in the pituitary gland or adrenal glands.
107
Describe Cushing's syndrome.
Cushing's syndrome is a condition characterized by excessive levels of cortisol in the body, which can result from various causes such as long-term use of corticosteroid medications or a tumor in the pituitary gland or adrenal glands.
108
What is the function of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR)?
The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is responsible for regulating the levels of calcium in the body. It is primarily found in the parathyroid glands and helps to control the release of parathyroid hormone in response to changes in blood calcium levels.
109
Define diabetes insipidus.
Diabetes insipidus is a condition characterized by excessive thirst and the production of large volumes of dilute urine. It occurs when the body is unable to properly regulate the balance of water due to a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or a lack of response to ADH.
110
What is the purpose of a dexamethasone suppression test (DST)?
A dexamethasone suppression test (DST) is used to diagnose Cushing's syndrome. It involves administering a synthetic glucocorticoid called dexamethasone and measuring the levels of cortisol in the blood or urine to determine if the body's cortisol production is being suppressed as expected.
111
Describe the function of estradiol (E2).
Estradiol (E2) is the primary female sex hormone and plays a crucial role in the development and regulation of the female reproductive system. It is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics, regulation of the menstrual cycle, and maintenance of bone health.
112
What is the purpose of a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan?
A dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan is used to measure bone mineral density and assess the risk of osteoporosis. It is a non-invasive imaging technique that provides information about the strength and density of bones, helping to diagnose and monitor conditions related to bone health.
113
Define disorder of sex development (DSD).
Disorder of sex development (DSD) refers to a group of conditions in which there is a discrepancy between the chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex of an individual. It can involve variations in the development of the reproductive organs, hormone production, or sexual characteristics.
114
Describe the role of dopamine (DA) in the body.
Dopamine (DA) is a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in various functions in the body, including movement, motivation, reward, and regulation of mood. It is also involved in the control of hormone release, particularly in the hypothalamus, where it helps to regulate the secretion of prolactin.

Endocrine- oxford (25 decks)

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